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420 CONGRESS, ! HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Ex. Doc. lst Session. No. 20.
ANNUAL REPORT
OF
THE BOARD OF REGENTS
OF THE
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
SHOWING
THE OPERATIONS, EXPENDITURES, AND CONDITION OF THE INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR 1870.
WASHINGTON: ; GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1871.
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, FORTY-SECOND CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION, April 19, 1871.
The following resolution, originating in the House of Representatives this day, has been concurred in by the Senate, viz:
‘* Resolved, (the Senate concurring,) That twelve thousand five hundred additional copies of the report of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1870 be printed, twenty-five hundred of which shall be for the use of the Senate, five thousand for the use of the House, and five thousand for the use of the Institution: Provided, That the aggregate number of pages of said report shall not exceed four hundred and fifty, and that there shall be no illustrations except those furnished by the Institution.”
Attest: EWD. McPHERSON,
Clerk,
LETTER
FROM THE
SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
TRANSMITTING
The annual report of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1870.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, March 1, 1871. Sir: In behalf of the Board of Regents, I have the honor to submit to the Congress of the United States the annual report of the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1870. I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary Smithsonian Institution. Hon. 8. COLFAX, President of the Senate. Hon. J. G. BLAINE, Speaker of the House of Representatives.
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION FOR 1870.
This document contains: 1. The programme of organization of the Smithsonian Institution. 2. The annual report of the Secretary, giving an account of the operations and condition of the establishment for the year 1870, with the statistics of collections, exchanges, meteorology, &ce. 3. The report of the executive committee, exhibiting the financial affairs of the Institution, including a statement of the Smithson fund, the re- ceipts and expenditures for the year 1870, and the estimates for 1871. 4, The proceedings of the Board of Regents. 5. A general appendix, consisting principally of reports of lectures, translations from foreign journals of articles not generally accessible, but of interest to meteorol- ogists, correspondents of the Institution, teachers, and others interested in the promotion of knowledge. |
THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
ULYSSES S. GRANT....- President of the United States, ex-officio Presiding Officer ot the Institution.
SALMON P. CHASE ....- Chief Justice of the United States, Chancellor of the Insti- tution, President of the Board of Regents.
JOSEPH HENRY -.----.- Secretary (or Director) of the Institution.
REGENTS OF THE INSTITUTION.
Sila CEUAS Bes aeee er ..---Chief Justice of the United States, President of the Board. Sei COMMA Teo 25 5s5.4ss%<5 Vice-President of the United States. HENRY D. COOKE ....--. Governor of the District of Columbia.
Ibs UMP OINUS ONLI bes cease Gone Member of the Senate of the United States. GARR AVIS 4421.22. Member of the Senate of the United States. Tey PACD TIN 2 SS ec epeierss Member of the Senate of the United States. Jey Ate GoAUE EU LIET IG WF ne a mtetarare Member of the House of Representatives. Ib, 2 TROND Se beomoosor Member of the House of Representatives. Sis OLD: ae tense oo Sno rte Member of the House of Representatives. Wirt bivAS ORG Ssh oe uese Citizen of New York.
MPs IDS VVOOILSIBY CS 6 Sa saaee Citizen of Connecticut.
SP AGIAS ST Zie see eee ete sce Citizen of Massachusetts.
TPB ETRY PAU RGGI eee seleral= Citizen of Washington.
JOHN MACLEAN ..-.----.- Citizen of New Jersey
d
} ° EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. WILLIAM T. SHERMAN ..Citizen of Washington. J
MEMBERS EX OFFICIO OF THE INSTITUTION.
WSS GRAN ses eee eee President of the United States.
ish (ChOIDID. Cran aeepeeseror Vice-President of the United States. ish 124 O13 UNSIU aaesae cope ecard Chief Justice of the United States. 181, IMIS Seas eee eee eee Secretary of State.
GaSe BOUD WHE os -re= Secretary of the Treasury.
Mie Wis IBIBIDINP ES ores. Secretary of War.
Go ME ROBESON -22244---6 Secretary of the Navy.
J. A. J. CRESWELL....--. Postmaster General.
Ca DEAN ORasse= = sa cars Secretary of the Interior.
Ike AiG PAO TI RINUAIN soca eeosee Attorney General.
MED os G Giese ee Commissioner of Patents.
ERSDs COOKE eer 2 Governor of the District of Columbia.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE INSTITUTION.
JOSEPH HENRY, SECRETARY,
Director of the Institution.
SPENCER F. BAIRD, ASSISTANT SECRETARY, In charge of Museum, Exchanges, &e. WILLIAM J. RHEES, CHIEF CLERK,
In charge of Accounts, Printing, and General Business. DANIEL LEECH, CLERK,
In charge of Correspondence. CLARENCE B. YOUNG, CLERK,
And Book-keeper.
HENRY M. BANNISTER, CLERK,
In charge of Meteorological Records. ‘
s
JANE A. TURNER, CLERK,
In charge of Records of International Exchanges.
SOLOMON G. BROWN, CLERK, In charge of Transportation.
JOSEPH HERRON,
Janitor of the Museum.
PROGRAMME OF ORGANIZATION
OF THE
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION.
[PRESENTED IN THE FIRST ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY, AND ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF REGENTS, DECEMBER 18, 1847.]
LN ELROD UC LLON.
General considerations which should serve as a guide in adopting a eon of Organization.
1. WILL oF SmiITHSON. The property is bequeathed to the United States of America, “to found at Washington, under the name of the SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, an establishment for the increase and diffu- sion of knowledge among men.”
2. The bequest is for the benefit of mankind. The Government of the United States is merely a trustee to carry out the design of the testator. :
3. The institution is not a national establishment, as is frequently supposed, but the establishinent of an individual, and is to bear and perpetuate his name.
4, The objects of the Institution are, 1st, to increase, and 2d, to dif- fuse knowledge among men.
5. These two objects should not be confounded with one another. The first is to enlarge the existing stock of knowledge by the addition of new truths; and the second, to disseminate knowledge, thus increased, among men.
6. The will makes no restriction in favor of any particular kind of knowledge ; hence all branches are entitled to a share of attention.
de ian aniedee can be increased by different methods of facilitating and promoting the discovery of new truths; and can be most exten- sively diffused among men by means of the press.
8. To effect the greatest amount of good, the organization should be such as to enable the Institution to produce results, in the way of in- creasing and diffusing knowledge, which cannot be produced either at all or so efficiently by the existing institutions in our country.
9. The organization should also be such as can be adopted provis- ionally ; can be easily reduced to practice; receive modifications, or be abandoned, in whole or in part, without a sacrifice of the funds.
10. In order to compensate in some measure for the loss of time occa- sioned by the delay of eight years in establishing the Institution, a considerable portion of the interest which has accrued should be added to the principal.
8 PROGRAMME OF ORGANIZATION.
11. In proportion to the wide field of knowledge to be cultivated, the funds are small. Economy should, therefore, be consulted in the con- struction of the building ; and not only the first cost of the edifice should be considered, but also the continual expense of keeping it in repair, and of the support of the establishment necessarily connected with it.. There should also be but few individuals permanently supported by the Institution.
12. The plan and dimensions of the building should be determined by the plan of the organization, and not the converse.
13. It should be recollected that mankind in general are to be bene- fited by the bequest, and that, therefore, all unnecessary expenditure on local objects would be a perversion of the trust.
14. Besides the foregoing considerations, deduced immediately from the will of Smithson, regard must be had to certain requirements of the act of Congress establishing the Institution. These are, a library, a museum, and a gallery of art, with a building on a liberal scale to con- tain them.
SECTION I.
Plan of organization of the Institution in accordance with the foregoing deductions from the will of Smithson.
TO INCREASE KNOWLEDGE. It is proposed—
1. To stimulate men of talent to make original researches, by offering suitable rewards for memoirs containing new truths; and,
2. To appropriate annually a portion of the income for particular re- searches, under the direction of suitable persons.
TO DIFFUSE KNOWLEDGE. It is proposed—
1. To publish a series of periodical reports on the progress of the different branches of knowledge; and,
2. To publish occasionally separate treatises on subjects of general interest.
DETAILS OF THE PLAN TO INCREASE’ KNOWLEDGE. I. By stimulating researches.
1. Facilities afforded for the production of original memoirs on all branches of knowledge.
2. The memoirs thus obtained to be published in a series of volumes, in a quarto form, and entitled Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.
3. No memoir on subjects of physical science to be accepted for pub- lication which does not furnish a positive addition to human knowledge, resting on original research; and all unverified speculations to be re- jected.
4. Each memoir presented to the Institution to be submitted for ex- amination to a commission of persons of reputation for learning in the
PROGRAMME OF ORGANIZATION. 9
braneh to which the memoir pertains; and to be accepted for publica- tion only in case the report of this commission is favorable.
5. The commission to be chosen by the officers of the Institution, and the name of the author, as far as practicable, concealed, unless a favor- able decision is made.
6. The volumes of the memoirs to be exchanged for the transactions of literary and scientific societies, and copies to be given to all the col- leges and principal libraries in this country. One part of the remain- ing copies may be offered for sale, and the other carefully preserved, to form complete sets of the work, to supply the demand from néw insti- tutions.
7. An abstract, or popular account, of the contents of these memoirs to be given to the public through the annual report of the Regents to Congress.
Il. By appropriating a part of the income, annually, to special objects of research, under the direction of suitable persons.
1. The objects and the amount appropriated, to be recommended by counsellors of the Institution.
2. Appropriations in different years to different objects; so that in course of time each branch of knowledge may receive a share.
3. The results obtained from these appropriations to be published, with the memoirs before mentioned, in the volumes of the Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. :
4. Examples of objects for which appropriations may be made.
(1.) System of extended meteorological observations for solving the problem of ‘American storms.
(2.) Explorations in descriptive natural history, and geological, mag- netical, and topographical surveys, to collect materials for the formation of a physical atlas of the United States.
(3.) Solution of experimental problems, such as a new determination of the weight of the earth, of the velocity of electricity, and of light; chemical analyses of soils and plants; collection and publication of scientific facts accumulated in the offices of government.
(4.) Institution of statistical inquiries with reference to physical, moral, and political subjects.
(5.) Historical researches, and accurate surveys of places celebrated in American history.
(6.) Ethnological researches, particularly with reference to the differ- ent races of men in North America; also, explorations and. accurate surveys of the mounds and other remains of the ancient people of our country.
10 PROGRAMME OF ORGANIZATION.
DETAILS OF THE PLAN FOR DIFFUSING KNOWLEDGE. '
I. By the publication of a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge not strictly professional.
1. These reports will diffuse a kind of knowledge generally interest- ing, but which, at present, is inaccessible to the public. Some of the reports may be published annually, others at longer intervals, as the income of the Institution or the changes.in the branches of knowledge may indicate.
2. The reports are to be prepared by collaborators eminent in the dif- ferent branches of knowledge.
3. Each collaborator to be furnished with the journals and publica- tions, domestic and foreign, necessary to the compilation of his report; to be paid a certain sum for his labors, and to be named on the title- page of the report.
4, The reports to be published in separate parts, so that persons inter- ested in a particular branch can procure the parts relating to it without purchasing the whole.
do. These reports may be presented to Congress, for partial distribu- tion, the remaining copies to be given to literary and scientific institu- tions, and sold to individuals for a moderate price.
The following are some of the subjects which may be embraced in the reports :*
3 I. PHYSICAL CLASS.
1. Physies, including astronomy, natural philosophy, chemistry, and meteorology.
2. Natural history, including botany, zodlogy geology, &e.
3. Agriculture.
4, Application of science to arts.
Il. MORAL AND POLITICAL CLASS.
9. Ethnology, including particular history, comparative philology, antiquities, &e.
6. Statistics and political economy. (. Mental and moral philosophy. 5. A survey of the political events of the world; penal reform, &c.
Il. LITERATURE AND THE FINE ARTS.
9. Modern literature. 10. The fine arts, and their application to the useful arts. 11. Bibliography. 12. Obituary notices of distinguished individuals.
*This part of the plan has been but partially carried out.
PROGRAMME OF ORGANIZATION. et Il. By the publication of separate treatises on subjects of general interest.
1. These treatises may occasionally consist of valuable memoirs translated from foreign languages, or of articles prepared under the direction of the Institution, or procured by offering premiums for the best exposition of a given subject.
2. The treatises should, in all cases, be submitted to a commission of competent judges, previous to their publication.
3. As examples of these treatises, expositions may be obtained of the present state of the several branches of knowledge mentioned in the table of reports.
SECTION II.
Plan of organization, in accordance with the terms of the resolutions of the Board of Regents providing for the two modes of increasing and diffusing knowledge.
1. The acteof Congress establishing the Institution contemplated the formation of a library and a museum; and the Board of Regents, including these objects in the plan of organization, resolved to divide the income* into two equal parts.
2. One part to be appropriated to increase and diffuse knowledge by means of publications and researches, agreeably to the scheme before given. The other part to be appropriated to the formation of a library and a collection of objects of nature and of art.
3. These two plans are not incompatible with one another.
4. To carry out the plan before described, a library will be required, consisting, 1st, of a complete collection of the transactions and proceed- ings of all the learned societies in the world ; 2d, of the more important current periodical publications, and other works necessary in preparing the periodical reports.
5. The Institution should make special collections, particularly of ob- jects to illustrate and verify its own publications.
6. Also, a collection of instruments of research in all branches of ex- perimental science.
7. With reference to the collection of books, other than those men- tioned above, catalogues of all the different libraries in the United States should be procured, in order that the valuable books first pur- chased may be such as are not to be found in the United States.
8. Also, catalogues of memoirs, and of books and other materials, should be collected for rendering the Institution a center of bibliograph- ical knowledge, whence the student may be directed to any work which he may require.
*The amount of the Smithsonian bequest received into the Treasury of
theaUnited Stabespamees aa ee ae ee eS eS es $515, 169 00 Tnterest on the same to July 1, 1846, (devoted to the erection of the building) 242, 129 00 Annualineome: trope. themequest-wiec ce ssSe ema. < 2'carscere eee eae pack ee 30,910 14
#2 PROGRAMME OF ORGANIZATION.
9. It is believed that the collections in natural history will increase by donation as rapidly as the income of the Institution can make pro- vision for their reception, and, therefore, it will seldom be necessary to purchase articles of this kind.
10. Attempts should be made to procure for the gallery of art casts of the most celebrated articles of ancient and modern sculpture.
11. The arts may be encouraged by providing a room, free of expense, for the exhibition of the objects of the Art-Union and other similar societies.
12. A small appropriation should annually be made for models of an- tiquities, such as those of the remains of ancient temples, Xe.
13. For the present, or until the building is fully completed, besides the Secretary no permanent assistant will be required, except one, to act as librarian.
14. The Secretary, by the law of Congress, is alone responsible to the Regents. He shall take charge of the building and property, keep a record of proceedings, discharge the duties of librarian and keeper of the museum, and may, with the consent of the Regents, employ assist- ants.
15. The Secretary and his assistants, during the session of Congress, will be required to illustrate new discoveries in science, and to exhibit new objects of art. Distinguished individuals should also be invited to give lectures on subjects of general interest.
This programme, which was at first adopted provisionally, has become the settled policy of the Institution. The only material change is that expressed by the following resolutions, adopted January 15, 1855, viz:
Resolved, That the 7th resolution passed by the Board of Regents, on the 26th of January, 1847, requiring an equal division of the income between the active operations and the museum and library, when the buildings are completed, be, and it is hereby, repealed.
Resolved, That hereafter the annual appropriations shall be appor- tioned specifically among the different objects and operations of the Institution, in such manner as may, in the judgment of the Regents, be necessary and proper for each, according to its intrinsic importance and a compliance in good faith with the law.
REPORT
Or
PROFESSOR JOSEPH HENRY,
SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
Berg, IS 7/ Oe
To the Board of Regents :
GENTLEMEN: The year 1870 may be considered almost an epoch in the history of the Smithsonian Institution, since in this year Congress commenced to recognize the propriety of making something like an ade- quate appropriation to relieve the Smithson fund from at least a portion of the burden to which it has from the first been subjected in the main- tenance and care of the National Museum. During the last session of Congress an appropriation of $10,000 was granted for the preservation and exhibition of the national collection, and also $10,000 toward the preparation of the second story of the building for the better care and display of the specimens, and an equal sum for each of these objects has been asked at the present session for the year 1871, and we are assured by influential members of Congress that the request will be granted. It cannot be otherwise than gratifying to the friends of science that Gov- ernment has at length awakened to the importance of making provision for the independent support of a National Museum, which we trust will be worthy of the capital of the United States. The connection which has heretofore existed between the National Museum and the Smithson- ian Institution has been alike prejudicial to both, although more than one-half of the income of the Smithson fund has been expended in main- tenance of the museum; and notwithstanding that the Institution, in the prosecution of its legitimate objects, has collected many thousands of specimens illustrating the productions of the North American conti- nent, the public museum hasnot yet, owing to the inadequacy of means, been such as might be expected from the reputation of the Insti- tution or the character of our Government.
The National Museum was established previous to the acceptance by the Government of the care of the Smithson bequest, and consisted at first of the specimens of natural history and ethnology collected by the United States exploring expedition under Admiral Wilkes. Unfortu- nately, from a misconception of the terms of the will of Smithson, as now generally recognized, Congress directed the appropriation of the income of the fund principally to a museum, a library, a gallery of art, and other local objects, which, though important in themselves, did not comport with the liberal spirit of the bequest, nor with the income of
14 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
the endowment, which was scarcely more than sufficient to properly support any one of these objects. Had it not been for this misconcep- tion, it is not improbable that before this time Congress would have made a more liberal provision for the suppert of the National Museum, and the scientific operations of the Institution which have made it favor- ably known throughout the world would have been much more extended. From the first the organic law of Congress has, therefore, stood in the way of the full development of the plan of active operations of the Insti-— tution; and it has only been by the gradual enlightenment of the publie mind as to the true character of the will of Smithson and the importance of the plan of active operations, that, step by step, and after upward of twenty years of continued effort, the latter has now a fair prospect of producing all the results which have been claimed for it.
As stated in previous reports, the library of the Institution has been incorporated, under certain conditions, with that of Congress. The land around the building presented to the Institution by the Government, and upon which at first about $10,000 of the income of the fund was expended, has been incorporated with the public reservation set aside for a park, and the cost of its keeping defrayed from the general appro- priation for the maintenance of the public grounds. The establishment of a gallery of art by the liberal endowment of Mr. Corcoran obviates the necessity of anything further being done in this direction by the Institution.
Still the emancipation of the fund from local objects is not as thorough as could be wished. It would be better, in my opinion, that the public museum should be entirely separated from the Institution. The appropriations of Congress are frequently fitful, and the distinction between appropriations for the museum and for the Institution is not as manifest as is desirable. It is the wiser policy of the Institution to ask no appropriations from Congress for its own legitimate objects, in order that it may be kept entirely free from political influence. We must, however, be content, in the attainment of an object depending upon legislative enactment, with securing a part of what we wish, if we cannot obtain the whole.
Finances.—The following isa general statement of the condition of the Smithson fund at the end of the year 1870, or rather at the begin; ning of the year 1871:
The amount originally received as the bequest of James
Smithson, of England, deposited in the Treasury of the
United States, in accordance with the act of Congress of
Amoust: 10, 1846. rae ee a nc’ « 42 nee eee ee $515, 169 00 The residuary legacy of Smithson received in 1865, also
deposited in the Treasury of the United States, in accord-
ance with the act of Congress of February 8, 1867... .- 26, 210 63
Making the bequest of Smithson’). S272 a eee 541, 379 63
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 15
Additions from savings, &c.,also in the United States
Treasury, as a part of the original fund........-....... $108, 620 37 In Virginia State stock, $72,760, valued at. ...... .....-. 48, 000 00 Casmeanhh adios e+ Gee sae fees «See eine Pane aye oe 21,477 81
719, 477 81
The income from the fund during the year 1870, including the pre- miuin on gold, was $43,363 12. This amount is $6,152 08 less than that for 1869, due to the difference in the premium on coin.
No interest has been received from the State of Virginia for 1869 and 1870. Up to 1870 the usual appropriation from Government for the care of the National Museum was $4,000, but for the fiscal year com- mencing July 1, 1870, this amount was increased, as we have before stated to $10,000. Of this sum $5,024 have been placed to the credit of the museum; the whole expense, however, of keeping the museum, irrespective of the interest on the building, amounted to at least $15,000.
The remainder of the income (excepting $508 16) was expended in publications, exchanges, researches, salaries, &c., and nearly $5,000 for repairs on the building.
Congress also granted, as previously stated, an appropriation of $10,000 toward fitting up the large hall for the better preservation and display of the collections; but of this nothing has been drawn during the year, the plans and other preparations for the improvement of the building not having been completed. From the foregoing statement it will be evident that the Smithson funds are in a prosperous condition, and that should Congress continue annually to make an adequate sup- port for the museum, they would be sufficient on the part of the insti- tution to extend its usefulness far beyond what it has yet accom- plished.
As a part of the history of the Institution, and in justice to the gen- erosity of one of its earliest friends, I may mention under the head of finance, that for many years during the controversy which existed between the regents and the contractors in regard to the building, James M. Carlisle, esq., of this city, acted as counsel for the Institu- tion, and has subsequently given advice on points of law which have arisen in conducting the various operations of the establishment. These services, the usual charges for which would amount to compara- tively a large sum, have been gratuitously rendered to the Institution; for which liberality I would recommend a special resolution of thanks by the Board.
Publications.—The publications of the Institution are of three classes— the Contributions to Knowledge, the Miscellaneous Collections, and the Annual Reports. The first consist of memoirs containing positive additions to science resting on original research, and which are gener-
16 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
ally the result of investigations to which the Institution has in some way rendered assistance. The Miscellaneous Collections are chiefly composed of works intended to facilitate the study of certain branches of natural history or of meteorology, and are designed especially to induce individuals to engage in studies as specialties, to which in leisure moments their thoughts may recur, and by observations and collections in relation to which they may not only contribute to their own pleasure but, also, advance the cause of science. The Annual Reports are pub- lished at the expense of the Government, with the exception of the illustrations, which are furnished by the Institution.
During the past year the sixteenth volume of the Smithsonian Con- tributions to Knowledge has been published and distributed. It contains 494 pages, and is illustrated with 73 wood-cuts and 19 plates. The several articles contained in this volume, which were also published and distributed separately, are as follows:
The Gray Substance of the Medulla Oblongata and Trapezium, by John Dean, M. D. 4to, pp. 80. Sixteen plates, five wood-cuts.
Results of Meteorological Observations made at Brunswick, Maine, between 1801 and 1859, by Parker Cleaveland, LL.D. Reduced and discussed at the expense of the Smithsonian Institution, by Charles A. Schott. 4to, pp. 60. Eight wood-cuts.
Results of Meteorological Observations made at Marietta, Ohio, be- tween 1826 and 1859, inclusive, by S. P. Hildreth, M. D.; to which are added Results of Observations taken at Marietta, by Mr. Joseph Wood, between 1817 and 1823. Reduced and discussed by the Smithsonian Institution, by Charles A. Schott. 4to, pp. 52. Fourteen wood-cuts.
On the Gliddon Mummy Case in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, by Charles Pickering. 4to, p. 6. One plate.
The Orbit and Phenomena of a Meteoric Vire-Ball, seen July 20, 1860, by Professor James H. Coffin, LL. D. 4to, p. 56. Two plates, two wood-cuts.
On the Transatlantic Longitude, by Benjamin Apthorp Gould. 4to, pp. 110.
The Indians of Cape Flattery, at the entrance to the Strait of Fuca, Washington Territory, by James G. Swan. 4to, pp. 118. Forty-four wood-cuts.
The Seventeenth volume of Smithsonian Contributions, that for the year 1871, has also been printed, is in the hands of the binder, and will soon be ready for distribution. It consists of a single memoir of 602 quarto pages, presenting the result of an elaborate original investigation by Lewis H. Morgan, esq., of Rochester, New York, on the “Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family.”
This memoir, of which an account has been given in a previous report, was first referred to a commission consisting of Professor J. H. Mellvaine and Professor William Henry Green, of Princeton, New Jersey, who re- commended its publication, but advised certain changes in the method of
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. By
presenting the subject. After these modifications had been made, it was submitted to the American Oriental Society, and was by it referred to a special committee, consisting of Messrs. Hadley, Trumbull, and Whitney, who, having critically examined the memoir, reported that it contained a series of highly interesting facts, which, they believed, the students of philology and ethnology, though they might not accept all the conclusions of the author, would welcome as valuable contributions to science.
The investigations of Professor Newcomb, relative to a new orbit of the planet Uranus, in continuation of those relative to the planet Nep- tune, an account of which was given in previous reports, have been tem- porarily interrupted by the visit of the author to Kurope to observe the total eclipse of last December. and to collect ancient observations for correcting the mean motion of the moon. These investigations were commenced as far back as 1860, but Professor Newcomb had so little time to spare from official duties, and had to depend so much upon him- self on account of the methods to be employed, that four years elapsed before even the first formule for the perturbations were computed. The best accepted elements of the planets were first used, viz, those of Bouvard for Jupiter and Saturn, and those of Pierce and Kowalski for Neptune. The caleulated places of Uranus and Neptune were found from these data to differ so widely from the true ones given by observa- tion as to show that the elements of these planets which had been adopted were not to be relied on. A re-investigation of their orbits: therefore became necessary. That of Neptune was made exhaustive. The magnitude of the corrections required in the old elements is shown by the fact that the longitude of the perihelion-of Neptune was changed: by about four degrees. This investigation was published by the Insti- tution in 1865, and the tables for predicting the position of the planet were immediately adopted by the nautical almanacs of England, Ger- many, and this country, and afterward by that of France, so that the: computations of Neptune’s motion are now generally made from them.
The elements of Uranus were next so far corrected by a preliminary investigation, that, with the perturbations already computed, the motion of the planet from the time of its discovery in 1781 until 1862 was repre- sented within a very few seconds of are. On collecting the perturba- tions of Saturn there appeared to be considerable discrepancy between the old ones employed in Bouvard’s tables and those since computed’ by Hansen. As there could be little doubt of the correctness of the latter, Professor Newcomb accepted them as the basis of a preliminary investigation of the orbit of Saturn, and obtained elements which repre- sented its motion near enough for the purpose desired. The elements of Jupiter were found to be sufficiently near the truth. The old com- putations of the “first-order” of perturbations were then corrected, and to guard against the possibility of an error the perturbations were then
recomputed by an entirely different method. After long study and laber 28
18 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
the author was enabled to devise amethod more simple than any before employed, of which the quantities previously calculated furnished the basis, and which has the great advantage of being easily applicable to the perturbations of the second order. The results of the two computa- tions have been found to agree very closely. The more important terms of the second order have been once computed, but will be gone over again to insure correctness. The most difficult part of the work is now completed. An appropriation has been made by the Institution for defray- ing the expense of the clerical labor which is required in preparing the tables and performing the other laborious arithmetical calculations necessary in reducing the abstract mathematical results to practical use.
Among the papers accepted for publication are three by Major General J. G. Barnard, United States Army. ‘The first of these relates to the “Precession of the Equinoxes and Nutation as identified with the phenomena of the Gyroscope.” All writers who explain the “Preces- sion” in amanner intended to be more or less adapted to popular com- prehension, assume or demonstrate certain elementary facts which are common to the general phenomena of the ‘Precession,” and the move- ments of the philosophic toy, the “Gyroscope.” The intention of this paper is to identify the phenomena, and to show that a common analysis leads, when properly adapted to the different circumstances, to their solution. As a matter of course, the introduction of the proper expres- sions for the external forces into the general equations of rotating bodies will give the particular equations for the special cases. In the Mécanique Céleste, are thus derived the expressions for precession and nutation ; but the analytical process is difficult, and the point of identi- fication of the phenomena with those of the gyroscope is, in this point of view, too remote to be interesting, In this paper, solutions primarily obtained for the gyroscope are subsequently made use of to develop all the facts of precession and nutation. By the methods employed it is in- cidentally shown that the phenomena of ‘“‘deviation” in rifled projectiles may be explained. .
The second paper by General Barnard is on the motions of a “freely suspended penduluin,” and differs from other well known discussions of this problem in giving, as a preliminary, a simple explanation of the origin of the forces which, on the surface of the rotating earth, cause a progressive azimuthal motion of the plane of vibration ; and furnishing the analytical expressions for these identical with those of Poisson obtained by other processes. These same expressions exhibit forces which more or less sensibly affect all motions of material bodies on or near the earth’s surface, as e. g. the tidal currents, the winds, the trajectories of projectiles, &c. The expressions obtained for the pendulum are developed with much greater detail than has been done in previous works. The differential expressions for the vibrations of the so-called “spherical pendulum” are integrated by development into series, and expressions approximately accurate, obtained for the
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 19
azimuthal motion of the apsides of the quasi-elliptical orbit. Inasmuch as in all actual experiments with the freely suspended pendulum the vi- brations soon assume the “spherical” character, these latter expressions are really important as corrections to the azimuthal motion properly due to the earth’s rotation, and may explain the small variations from the latter which the experiments generally exhibit. It is believed that these corrections have never before been applied, or indeed actually put into simple analytical shape. It is further shown that if a freely suspended pendulum is made to swing through a great cirele with very high velocity, the plane of its orbit remains invariable in direction, in space, and that in this phase the phenomenon is identical with that shown by a gyro- scopic disk, as it was arranged by Foucault to exhibit the rotation of the earth.
A third paper by the same author is “on the Phenomena of Preces- sion and Nutation as affected by the internal structure of the earth,” and isan attempt to corroborate the dictum of Sir William Thompson, that the phenomena of the precession and nutation do authorize some con- elusions—very limited, indeed—concerning the internal structure of the earth, inasmuch as it is proved that the very commonly received geo- logic hypothesis of a thin crust enveloping a molten fluid is inconsist- ent with the actual phenomena as observed.
As the basis of the argument, the theorem is analytically demonstrated that an entirely fluid earth (7. e., entirely destitute of solid crust and without internal viscidity) would exhibit neither precession nor nuta- tion. In other words, that the tilting effects of the solar and lunar attractions would be exactly neutralized by the centrifugal forces due ‘to the tidal protuberances they develop. Pari ratione, if the figure of the earth yields at all to the attractions, the precession and nutation will be neutralized in exact proportion to the extent (as compared with a perfect fluid globe) to which that yielding obtains.
Sir W. Thompson has proved that even an earth entirely solid must yield, unless its rigidity to the depth of two or three thousand miles greatly exceeds that of steel; a thin crust, say thirty or forty miles thick, such as geological hypothesis attributes to the earth, if envelop- ing a fluid nucleus, would yield nearly as much as if the earth were entirely fluid. But the observed rates of precession and nutation con- form almost exactly to the hypothesis of perfect rigidity. Hence, the hypothesis of a thin crust is untenable. Incidentally the fallacy of the experiment (with rotating spherical glass shells, containing water) and argument of M. Delaunay to invalidate the conclusions of Professor Hopkins and Professor Thompson is exhibited, and the opinions of Poisson concerning the internal structure of the earth are, according to the author, shown to coincide better with observed facts than those of any other physicist.
Another paper has been examined and accepted for publication entitled “The Secular Variations of the Orbits of the Planets,” by John
20 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
N. Stockwell. If but one planet revolved around the sun its path in space would be a true ellipse, which would always be the same in form and position ; but if several planets revolve at the same time around the central body, their mutual attraction will disturb the regularity of the elliptical motion. The mutual action of the planets on each other pro- duces two classes of disturbance, one of which consists in a change of the motion of each planet in its elliptical orbit, in some parts of its path moving faster and in others slower than it would if undisturbed; the other consists of a change in the form and relative position of the elliptical orbit. The first is called the periodic inequalities, and the second the secular variations. They are, however, both periodical, though the first runs through its changes in a short time, while the lat- ter requires centuries to complete its cycle. The object of the investi- gations of Mr. Stockwell is to determine the numerical value of the secular changes of the elements of the orbits of the planets of our sys- tem. Several partial solutions of this problem have been obtained by previous authors, but they have been approximations based upon data less perfect than that which is at present afforded in the discovery of the new planet Neptune, and the better determination of the masses of the other bodies composing our system.
The expense of the publication of this paper is defrayed by the lib- eral donation of $1,200 from a friend of science, who declines to allow his name to be mentioned. We cannot, however, permit the fact to pass unnoticed of this example of the high appreciation of the value of | abstract science since it does honor to the intelligence and liberality of one of our citizens engaged in active business hfe, and may serve as an example to stimulate other donations of a similar character.
In several of the previous reports mention has been made of a gram- mar and dictionary of the Choctaw language, in process of preparation for the Institution by Dr. Byington, for many years a missionary among the Choctaw Indians. This work was finally submitted to the Institu- tion for publication, but having been found on examination to require corrections it was returned to the author in order that these might be made. Before, however, this work was completed, Dr. Byington died, and his MS. was given for revision to Dr. Brinton, of Philadelphia. It was again submitted to the Institution and referred to a commission for critical examination. Dr. Brinton, however, not satisfied with the report of this commission, withdrew the memoir, and presented it to the American Philosophical Society, in whose transactions it has since been printed. No objection was made on the part of the Institution to this transfer, since it has been from the first a part of its policy never to expend any portion of its funds in doing that which can be done by other means.
It will be remembered that in 1867, at the suggestion and expense of the Institution, a geological exploration of a portion of the Louisiana coast was made by Professor E. W. Hilgard, of the University of Mis-
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 21
sissippi, mainly with a view to ascertain the geological age and modeof occurrence of the rock-salt deposit of Petite Anse. In the absence of definite data concerning the general geology of Louisiana, his observa- tions on the formations of the coast (an abstract of which was published in the American Journal of Science, January, 1869) demonstrated, so far as the salt deposit was concerned, only the fact that in point of age it was anterior to the drift. The impulse thus given to geological re- search in Louisiana, however, soon led to further explorations. By sub- scription, and a special appropriation obtained from the commissioners of immigration of the State, the New Orleans Academy of Sciences raised a fund for the purpose of enabling Professor Hilgard to make a general geological reconnaissance of Louisiana, which was executed in May and June, 1869. This enabled himto communicate tothe American Association for the Advancement of Science, at its Salem meeting, a general sketch of the geology of Louisiana. Almost simultaneously with the organization of Professor Hilgard’s second exploration, steps were taken.by the faculty of the University of Louisiana to secure legisla- tive aid for a geological and physical survey of the State. The latteris now in progress, and the second annual report on the work will soon be published.
As regards the rock-salt deposit, Professor Hilgard’s observations in Northern Louisiana point to the conelusion that it is but one of a series of cretaceous outliers, traversing the State in a northwest and south- ‘east direction, and indicating the existence of an ancient ridge which must have exerted an important influence upon the physical conforma- tion of the Lower Mississippi Valley. The remarkable gypsum and sulphur deposits of Caleasieu are likewise, in his opinion, referable to the same age. Professor Hilgard has nearly completed a final memoir on the geology of the Petite Anse region for publication by the Insti- tution; the results of his simultaneous exploration of the Lower Mis- sissippi and delta having been communicated to the American Associ- tion at the Troy meeting, and subsequently presented to the American Journal of Science.
Dr. Horatio C. Wood, of Philadelphia, having completed an elaborate work on the fresh-water alge, principally of microscopic forms, pre- sented it to the American Philosophical Society and also to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, but the expense of publication pre- vented either of these societies from undertaking it. It was therefore offered to this Institution, and after a critical examination has been accepted for publication. As a systematic description of the fresh- water alge of North America it will form a complement to the great works on the marine alg, by Dr. Harvey, published some years ago by the Smithsonian Institution. It will be copiously illustrated by drawings, made principally under the microscope and will serve to illus- trate an obscure department of botany, as well as to furnish the means by which investigators of minute microscopic organisms may make the
&
22 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
comparison of fossil and recent forms, a subject which is now attract- ing much attention in Europe and America.
The eighth volume of Miscellaneous Collections contains the following papers:
1. Monographs of the Diptera of North America. PartIV. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution by R. Osten Sacken. Svo, pp. 358. Four plates and seven wood-cuts.
2. Catalogue of the Orthoptera of North America described previous to 1867. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution by Samuel H. Seudder. Svo, pp. 110.
3. Land and Fresh-water Shells of North America. Part I. Pulmo- nata Geophila. By W.G. Binney and T. Bland. 8vo, pp. 328, and 544 wood-cuts.
4, Arrangement of Families of Birds. Adopted provisionally by the Smithsonian Institution. 8vo, pp. 8.
5. Circular to Oflicers of the Hudson’s Bay Company. 8vo, pp. 6.
6. Suggestions relative to Objects of Scientific Investigations in Russian America. 8vo, pp. 10.
7. Circular relating to Collections in Archeology and Ethnology. 8vo, pp. 2.
8. Circular to Entomologists. 8vo, pp. 2.
9. Circular relative to Collections of Birds from Middle and South America. 8vo, pp. 2.
10. Smithsonian Museum Miscellanea. Pp. 88.
The ninth volume of Miscellaneous Collections contains—
1. Bibliography of North American Conchology previous to the year 1860. Prepared for the Smithsonian Institution by W. G. Binney. Part Il. Foreign Authors. 8vo, pp. 302.
2. Catalogue of Publications of Societies and of Periodical Works belonging to the Smithsonian Institution. Deposited in the Library of Congress, 1866. 8vo, pp. 596.
In accordance with the plan adopted by the Institution of furnishing facilities and means of identifying specimens of natural history in its different departments, an arrangement was made with Professor De Saussure, of Geneva, Switzerland, the highest authority on the class of insects known as hymenoptera, (of which the principal forms are wasps, bees, &c.,) to prepare a monograph of this part of entomology. Large collections have been sent to him for the work, to which he has devoted several years of gratuitous labor. The first part of the manuscript was completed in the French language in 1863, and for translation was placed in the hands of a competent entomologist, Mr. Edward Norton, of Farmington, Connecticut, who volunteered his services from a desire of advancing science. This part of the memoir was prepared for the press in 1564, but as Mr. Norton was obliged to be absent from the country several years, the printing was delayed until his return, in order that the proof-sheets might be properly corrected. By this time, however,
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 23
so much new material had been collected it was thought advisable to refer the work anew to Professor De Saussure, from whom it has again been received, and after having been a second time revised by Mr. Norton will soon be sent to the press.
The Institution in carrying out its original plan of the preparation of manuals of natural history, has thus made provision for publications on the coleoptera, lepidoptera, neuroptera, diptera, orthoptera, and hymenoptera. Of the few remaining orders, a similar monograph of the hemiptera, by P. R. Uhler, esq., has been prepared, and will be pub- lished when the funds will permit.
For many years the Institution has intended, in consequence of the scattered nature of the accounts of the botany of the region west of the Mississippi, and the absence of any text-book in which correct descrip- tions could be found, to publish a complete list of the plants, with all the synonyms and species. For a working botanist, engaged in the study of our western plants, the search for what has been written takes more time and labor than all the rest of his work, besides which there is always the probability of overlooking some writings of importance. The design has not heretofore been carried out, on account of the pressure of other operations, but recently the great need of this aid to botanical research having been urged on the Institution by some of the principal botanists of the country, arrangements have been made with Mr. Sereno Watson, of New Haven, to prepare the work in question. The expense of prepar- ation will be borne by private subscription, the Smithsonian Institution paying for the clerical labor and for the publication. Mr. Watson is esteemed highly competent for the duty intrusted to him, and is favor- ably known from his labors as botanist of the exploration of the fortieth parallelaunder Clarence King, esq. Good progress has been made in the work, and during the year we expect the manuscript to be com- pleted.
In still further pursuance of the plan initiated by the Institution of furnishing aids for the arrangement of collections, as illustrated by its series of check-lists of specimens, an article by Professor Theodore Gill is in process of publication, entitled “ An Arrangement of the Families of Mollusks.” His system has been adopted provisionally as that by which the extensive collections of the Smithsonian shells are to bearranged and has been approved by some of the principal zodlogists of the country. To extend its benefits, and furnish a similar guide to other museums, the list embraces families, recent and fossil, accepted by the best natu- ralists of the day, although embodying results of special investigations made by Professor Gill and Mr. Dall at the Institution.
The Annual Report for the year 1869 was printed as heretofore, by order of Congress, but there was a reduction of one thousand in the number of extra copies usually furnished to the Institution. This re- duction must have been the result of inadvertence, as we have long urged upon Congress the great demand fer the document as a reason
24 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
for the increase of the edition, and have been assured by many Senators and Representatives that this would be made. The applications for the report have become so numerous that it is impossible to supply all who are entitled to receive it. In this connection the propriety should be urged upon Congress of ordering new editions of such of the reports as have been stereotyped. The printing of these could be done at very little expense, and would enable the Institution to furnish volumes, for which there is daily application from members of Congress in behalf of libraries and public institutions, to complete sets of the series.
In addition to the report of the Secretary, giving an account of the operations, expenditures, and condition of the Institution for the year 1869, and the proceedings of the Board of Regents, it contains the fol- lowing articles: Memoirs of Kepler, Thomas Young, Auguste Bravais, ©. T. P. Von Martius, and Stefano Marianini; an original paper on the chemistry of the earth, by T. Sterry Hunt; articles on the electrical currents of the earth; phenomena of flight in the animal kingdom; the northern seas ; report on the transactions of the Society of Physics and Natural History of Geneva; an original article relative to Coronado’s march in search of the seven cities of Cibola, and a discussion of their probable location ; social and religious condition of the lower races of man; principles and methods of paleontology; remarks on the Cara Gigantesca of Yucatan; forests and their climatic influence; meteor- ites; remarkable forms of hail-stones in Georgia; eruption of the voleano of Colima. It is proper to remark that the article on the flight of birds was translated from the French by Mr. W. H. Dall, whose name was accidentally omitted at the head of the article.
For the purpose of forming a general map of the North American Continent, exhibiting the plains, mountains, valleys, &c., the Smith- sonian Institution has collected a large amount of material relative to altitudes, which has been placed in the hands of W. L. Nicholson, esq., topographer of the United States Post Office Department, to be dis- cussed and elaborated.
There must, however, still remain in the hands of individuals and corporations records of an important character, which would be of great value in properly carrying out the enterprise. The correspondents of the Institution are requested to send to it printed copies or original manuscripts of records, especially of plotted profiles or maps, pertaining to this subject.
In stating the heights, as furnished by surveys for railroads, whether actually constructed or only projected, it is desirable that the levelings be referred to some known point on connecting or intersecting roads, or to the water-surface (high water, low water, or mean tide) of the ocean or of one of the great lakes, or to the level of a noted stage of water (high or low) of some river. The crossings of the water-courses, ridges, and summits are particularly desired, as well as all considerable and characteristic changes of level, giving, where much difference exists,
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 25
both grade-line and original surface; the levels of all intersections with other roads are important as means of comparison, and for checking results. Due credit will be given to all contributors to this work.
Exchanges.—The system of international exchanges, established by the Institution, has been continued with unabated zeal during the past year. The number of foreign establishments to which the Smithsonian and other publications are distributed, and from. which returns are received now amounts to over seventeen hundred. Itincludes not only all the first-class libraries and societies which have established a repu- tation, but also a large proportion of the minor institutions of the Old World. The following table exhibits the number of foreign institutions in each country with which the Smithsonian Institution is at present in correspondence:
Swedes 2. Sve Ge raphe EO) Markey ee ..isee Se Bee 10 Norway Saher i eee nels lilly, eASrigais seis SNRs ooh ok oeP 14 Tieelamdipo store ys weyers iene ba Neila ebb Saat ret he aie, § 30 MOnMaLls (ji VIola le Hels 20s Australiana es Sea 25 RSSieti ss 42 pero SiS 154, | New Zealand. - 2222.22. +4 10 Eve bleach P se at eo Sah ok WHOSE AP OlyNESia ue Saee es BLS Te 1 Germanys. ssen eee eee Se 529 | South America.....:--..-- ol Switzerland. ace - uk 5A Weestulndiess A2oa2 ss 280% 6 Belo rumins nce he Ss SS as TUSSI Mexi@O 22 922 eases 5 Ge yD We eee io 18 6 at : 80 | Central America-....-.-.- 1 Gr iy & 2h Oe) Aer te ey 141. | British’ Americas: i222 52. 27 Orth see wee ke tra General eeeas ya, ete ae 5 Spa siaiee Ee Sk 9
Great Britain and Ireland.. 286 1, 744 Greece tis Sal a etd 6
During the year 1870, 1,805 packages, containing many thousand dif- ferent articles, were transmitted to foreign countries. These packages were contained in 121 boxes, having a cubical content of 1,189 feet, and weighing 31,383 pounds. The parcels received at the Institution for parties in this country numbered 3,705. The separate volumes con- tained in these parcels would largely increase the number, the Institu- tion having received 5,182 articles for itsown library. The war between France and Germany, which commenced in July, affected, in some degree, the number ef packages received from these countries, and it is probable that the result of this unfortunate conflict will be still more marked in the diminution of the number of scientific publications which mey be received from Europe in the year 1871. The Smithsonian pack- ages are passed through all the custom-houses of the world free of duty. The only exception which existed at the date of the last report was that of Italy, and through the intervention of the American minister, Hon. Mr. Marsh, the Italian government has since granted the same privilege.
26 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
As in previous years, the Institution has received great benefit from the privileges of free freight for its packages, accorded by a large number of steamboat and railroad lines of transportation. In this report, as in former ones, reference should be made to the liberality of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company; of the Panama Railroad Company ; of the Pacific Steam Navigation Company; of the New York and Mexican Steamship Line; of the New York and Brazilian Line; of the North German Lloyds ; of the Hamburg American Packet Company ; of the French Transatlan- tic Company ; of the Inman Line; and of the Cunard Line. I am happy to announce that to the foregoing list is to be added the Anchor Line of steamers between New York and Glasgow, of which Messrs. Henderson & Brother are the New York agents; and I would recommend that an official acknowledgment be made, on the part of the board, to these gen- tlemen for their courtesy in offering to the Institution the same privileges accorded by the other New York lines. The Union Pacific Railroad Company has granted free transportation, although thus far we have not been able to avail ourselves of the privilege. The Adams Express Com- pany also continues its liberal policy in regard to our freight. It would be quite impossible for the Institution, without the aid thus liberally afforded, to carry out, in its full efficiency, its system of international exchanges, which, by facilitating the intercourse of scientific institutions and of students throughout the world, constitutes one of sts most impor- tant features.
It is also my duty, as well as a great personal gratification, to inform you of the liberality of several of these companies, extended to myself on the oceasion of the visit to Europe which I made during the past summer, in obedience to your authority ; the agents of the North Ger- man Lloyds, Messrs. Schumaker & Co., of Baltimore, and Messrs. Oel- richs & Co., of New York, as well as Mr. C. G. Francklyn, the agent of the Cunard steamers, having offered me a free passage across the ocean.
Iibrary.—As in previous years, large accessions have been made to the library of the Institution, principally through the system of interna- tional exchanges. The following is a statement of the number of books, maps, and charts received during 1870, most of which have been depos- ited in the National Library in accordance with the arrangement en- tered into several years ago, and fully explained in preceding reports:
Volumes:
OCtAVO ODAC Bic tys cies Mie Ae Beare Ae che es, 842 Quarto or TARP er pe. tiaiceyens aah k ie ayeintee eke aba yet 270 1,113 Parts of volumes: Octavo-ordless .:celsivamedecaecke ajeletiehs shigidte's aseaye 1, 263 Quarto.er larger .:¢ 9ese eee ke ERE I ie oR 561
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. pit
Pamphlets: Octave erilesst.cs Ay awelimwal esd MM itis 1, 764 Quarbovier larger whe ka bob. She te Sa 302 2, 066 Mia ps sama Charts aay 28a geeismiee ai /ciths) Mhaistebelerewieidion 179 US eI UE Re SEN Cis heg ih eI Ca aa Mes Se ae 5, 182
The following are some of the larger donations received in 1870:
From the ministry of the interior, Christiania, Norway, ‘“‘ Den Nerske Lods;” 2 volumes, octavo, and 71 charts.
From the Imperial Botanical Garden, St. Petersburg, ‘ Sertum Petropolitarum seu icones et descriptiones plantarum que in Horto Botanico Imperiali Petropolitano floruerent.”. Parts I and II, 1846; Il and IV, 1869. Folio.
From His Majesty the King of Prussia, “ Danzig und seine Bauwerke in malerischen Original-Radirungen mit geometrischen details und text, Von Johann Carl Schultz;” volumes I-I1, oblong folio.
From Dr. Koch, Berlin, 127 pamphlets, University Theses.
From the Royal Public Library, Dresden, “ Riedel’s Codex Diplo- maticus Brandenburgensis ;” 41 volumes, quarto.
From the Agricultural Association, Potsdam, “ Zeitschrift ;” volumes THI-XVIII, octavo. ‘ Monatschrift,” volumes XIX-XXIII, octavo; and “ Amtliches Vereinsblatt,” 1869, quarto.
From the Austrian government, ‘“‘ Reichs-Gesetz-Blatt fiir das Kaiser thure Oesterreich ;” 1849-1869, quarto, 21 volumes.
From the Musée de Douai, “ Dictionnaire des Sciences Médicales;” volumes I-LX, quarto.
Irom the minister of public instruction, Florence, 11 volumes “ On Education, Public and Private.”
From the minister of public works, Florence, 25 volumes and 16 pamphlets. Hydraulics, Navigation, and Engineering, &c.
From the meteorological office, London, “Daily Weather Reports,” July 1, 1868, to June 30, 1870, (4 volumes and 6 parts,) folio; and “ Quarterly Weather Report,” part I.
From William Blackmore, esq., Liverpool, “ Hoare’s Ancient History of Wiitshire,” volumes I and II, folio, beautifully illustrated with maps and plates. “The People of India: A series of photographic illustrations, with descriptive letter-press;” volumes I-IV, 1868, quarto. “Tree and Serpent Worship, or Illustrations of Mythology and Art in India in the First and Fourth Centuries after Christ;” quarto; and various other works.
From the State of Illinois, State documents, 14 volumes.
The incorporation of the library of the Institution with that of Con- gress continues to be productive of the results which were anticipated from this union. The extensive series of transactions of learned
28 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
societies, the number of sets and volumes of which are constantly increasing through the Smithsonian exchanges, is an important feature of the National Library, while the use of the books on special subjects belonging to the Government greatly enlarges the facilities for investi- gation of the collaborators of the Institution. From the first a har- monious co-operation has existed between the two establishments, and on all oceasions we have found Mr. Spofford, the accomplished librarian of Congress, ready to consult the interests of the Institution, and insert on his list of purchases any work which we might indicate as desirable for scientific research. Professor Gill, formerly in charge of the Smith- sonian library, and now one of the principal assistants in the Library of Congress, still continues his connection with the Institution, and in spending, as he does, most of the hours unemployed in official duty in scientific research at the Smithsonian building, affords the means of constant communication.
The National Library is rapidly increasing in value, both in regard to the number and the character of the books which are annually added to its collections. The sources of increase are, first, the books purchased by the liberal appropriation of Congress; second, the Smithsonian ex- changes; and, third, the deposit of books in accordance with the copy- right law. From this last source it has lately received a very large addition of all the American works secured by copy-right since the first enactment of the copy-right law, and previously in charge of the Secre- tary of the Interior. These books exhibit the phases of thought and the progress of the mental activity of this country for nearly half a century, and have, therefore, a special value independent of their literary or scientific character.
At the time of the organization of the Smithsonian Institution, Con- gress directed that in order to secure the right of authorship of a book three copies of it should be deposited as evidence of title, one in the library of the Institution, another in that of Congress, and a third in the office of the United States district court. In the case of a costly work, perhaps in several volumes, this was a tax on the author or pub- lisher for the protection of his property which was not improperly con- sidered oppressive. From considerations of justice, therefore, as well as of a prudent regard to the cost of the care of these books, the Smithso- nian Institution was the first to petition Congress that the law might be so modified that only two copies should be required to be deposited as evidence of title, and these in the Library of Congress. The proposi- tion suggested in this petition was adopted, and I believe the law en- acted in accordance with it now meets with general approbation. It is of Some importance that this fact should be mentioned, because copies of books are still occasionally sent to the Institution from a want of a knowledge of the existing law.
Besides the general library of the Government in the Capitol each of the separate Departments, as well as several of the bureaus, has a spe-
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 29
cial library. When we add to these the Washington Library and that of the Young Men’s Christian Association, the aggregate of the books in the city of Washington must be greater than that in any other city in the country in proportion to the population. Unfortunately, how- ever, these collections are not at present as readily accessible to the public as could be desired. The rapid increase, however, of the Na- tional Library will soon render the erection of a separate building abso- lutely necessary, and in the new arrangement which will result from this, the different libraries can, perhaps, be brought into harmonious relation, and while provision is afforded for the accommodation of a nuch larger number of readers, the number of hours during which the books are accessible may be increased.
Explorations and collections—The Institution has continued, during the past year, as heretofore, to prosecute researches and explorations in ethnology and natural history, both by detailing special agents for particular work, and by co-operating with private individuals and Government expeditions, in securing the desired result.
Among the more important of the first-mentioned class was an inves- tigatior among the mounds of Tennessee, under Mr. J. P. Stelle. This gentleman spent a number of months in examining carefully several groups of ancient mounds, and has furnished an interesting account of his researches, accompanied by topographical drawings of the localities, and large numbers of specimens, obtained in the course of his explora- tions. The report of Mr. Stelle will be printed in the appendix to the annual report of the Institution.
Professor Baird, during his visit to Wood’s Hole, in Vineyard Sound, continued his investigations of previous years among the shell-heaps of the coast, and added largely to the collection in archeology. He also devoted much attention to the study of the habits of the marine fishes of that part of the coast. Under the special direction of Profes- sor H. E. Webster, a system of dredging was carried on in the same locality, from which an interesting series of mollusca and other marine animals was procured.
Captain Dow, of the Panama Railroad service, has furnished important collections from Central America, among them the skulls of what will probably prove to be a new species of tapir. Mr. Durkee, of Wyoming Territory, has supplied a large number of specimens of nests and eggs, with fossils and other objects from his locality, embracing several species not before in the collection.
The largest collections, however, received during the year, are those made by Professor Hayden, as United States geologist for the Territo- ries. ‘These, in accordance with the law of Congress making the Insti- tution the depository of all objects of nature and art, natural history, etc., belonging to the United States, have been sent from time to time to the Institution, forming an aggregate of about sixty boxes, and em-
30 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
bracing large numbers of new species of fossil mammals, reptiles, and fishes, with other interesting objects. —
Mr. R. McFarlane, Mr. James Lockhart, and Mr. Strachan Jones, who have been extremely liberal to the Institution iu previous years, have again made important additions to its store of specimens, illustrative of the natural history of the region of the far northwest.
In accordanee with the understanding between the Institution and the Medical Department of the Government, the specimens of human crania obtained by us have been transferred to the Army Medical Mu- seum, which has, in turn, sent to the Institution all other articles it had received in ethnology -and archeology. By this means a very extensive and valuable series of specimens has been obtained by the Institution during the past year. A full list of the additions thus made, will be found in the appendix to the present report.
Another collection worthy of special mention was presented to the Insti- tution by the Colonial Museum, at Wellington, New Zealand. This consisted of bones of the Dinornis, the skins and skeleton of the Apteryx, skins of other birds, shells, and ethnological specimens of the country, and was partly in return for a valuable series of books presented by the Institution to the colonial government.
The labors of Dr. Edw. Palmer, already well known in connection with the ethnological museum of the Institution, have been continued during the present year, and large numbers of articles of Indian manufacture, both ancient and modern, attest his zeal and success as a collector. A more detailed report will be made upon these when the entire collection is received. Lieutenant Ring, of the Army, has continued his valuable donations from Alaska, embracing specimens of animals as well as Indian relics of great antiquity. From Captain C. M. Scammon, of the United States revenue marine, we have received a number of speci- mens and several important communications in reference to the seals and whales of the Pacific coast. A memoir submitted by this gentleman to the Institution has been published by the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, and is considered an important contribution to the knowledge of the subject already existing. Dr. G. M. Sternberg and his brother, Mr. C. H. Sternberg, have transmitted extensive and val- uabie collections of the tertiary fossil plants of Kansas, and other objects of interest. The former have been found, on examination by Mr. Meek, to contain a number of new species, which will shortly be described.
It will be remembered that an exploration of the Isthmus of Te- huantepec, by Professor Sumichrast, has been in progress for some years past, under the direction of the Institution, the expense of which was defrayed in part by the Kentucky University at Lexington, by the Boston Society of Natural History, and by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The labors of Professor Sumichrast were brought to a close during the past summer, and several of the collabo- rators of the Institution are now at work in investigating particular
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 31
branches of the collection with a view to prepare reports on them. The birds of the collection are in charge of George N. Lawrence; the insects, of Mr. Scudder; the shells, of Mr. Bland; and the reptiles and fish, of Mr. Cope. The series is very complete, and is believed to express essentially the zodlogical character of an interesting portion of Mexico, As specially noteworthy in this connection, is the donation by the Imperial Zodlogical Museum of Vienna, of the skin and skeleton of the European aurocks. This animal, according to Professor Baird, is a species of bison, and very closely related to the American buffalo, if, indeed, it be not, as some naturalists assert, the same. It was formerly found in abundance in Europe, and is mentioned by Cesar, Tacitus, and other classical writers. It has been almost entirely exter- minated, existing at the present time only to the number of a few head in Lithuania and in the Caucasus. The Kuropean specimens are pre- served with jealous care by the Russian authorities, and severe penal- ties are imposed for killing or even injuring them.
The number of donations to the collection of the Institution received during the past year is so large that we find it impossible at this time to give to each that special mention which it deserves. <A list of them, how- ever, with the names of the donors, will be found in the appendix to the present report; and I embrace this opportunity to express the thanks of the Institution to all who have thus aided in furthering its objects, and to invite their kind co-operation for the future.
The usual statistics in regard to the number of specimens catalogued during the year, and the extent to which the distribution of duplicates has been made, will be found in the accompanying tables. It will be seen that the average of the past years has been fully maintained, and that as far as the material and force at the command of the Institution would permit, the work has been faithfully carried on.
The museum—Congress having made an appropriation for the better display of the specimens belonging to the Government, it becomes a matter of importance to carefully consider the character which is to be given to the national museum. There is scarcely any subject connected with science and education to which more attention is given at the pres- ent day than that of collections of objects of nature and art, known under the general denomination of museums. This arises from their growing importance as aids to scientific investigation and instruction. As they are intended to subserve different ends they are of different characters. There are, on the one hand, large central museums supported by Gov- ernment appropriations, and on the other, local museums which are established and sustained by societies and voluntary individual aid. The latter are established in almost all parts of'the Old World, and are becoming somewhat numerous in this country. The special aim of the directors of these should be to make full collections of all the objects of natural history in their vicinity, not only for the instruction of
32 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY,
the members of the society, and to diffuse a taste for the refined, intellect- ual pleasure, which is derived from the minute observation of the natural world, but also to furnish lists of local floras and faunas, and of mineral- ogical and geological localities which may serve to establish the area of distribution of special objects of nature, and thus contribute to the extension as well as the diffusion of knowledge. The directors of muse- uns of this character ought to be careful not to attempt to form general collections, other, perhaps, than a limited number of specimens for com- parison, since it will soon be found that the cost and labor of the proper care and exhibition of the local collections will equal the means which can be commanded for this purpose.
Large museums or collections supported by Government appropria- tions are of different characters, in accordance with the objects they are designed to subserve. They may be intended exclusively for scientific research, and for this purpose consist of large numbers of specimens and duplicates, as it were, of the raw materials of science, which have never been investigated, but which may serve for the study, of the produc- tions of entirely unexplored regions. If has been the policy of this Institution to make collections of this kind, to submit them to experts for critical examination, and to publish such descriptions as would render them subservient to the progress of scientific generalization. If these descriptions were exhaustive, the original specimens would no longer be required for further scientific investigation; but, unfortunately, the characteristics and peculiarities of the specimens are only partially recognized and represented at any one period, and hence it becomes necessary from time to time to go over the same ground in order to verify or disprove new and ingenious suggestions as to peculiarities and relations not hitherto recognized ; the specimens must therefore be pre- served, especially if they are of such a character as cannot readily be replaced. In making such collections the Smithsonian Institution has done, perhaps, more than any other establishment during the twenty-four years of its existence. It might, however, have effected much more good and extended its influence more widely if all the duplicate specimens had been made up into sets and distributed soon after they were col- lected. But this was impossible with the limited means at the command of the Institution and the assistance it could obtain from voluntary unpaid collaborators. Besides this, some advantages have resulted to science from the retention in the Institution of a large number of every variety of a elass of specimens. This has enabled the naturalist to make comparisons which would have been otherwise impossible, to mark pecu- liarities connected with age, sex, food, climate, etc., and to observe the diversities of form and structure due to the varying conditions of life. As an illustration of this remark we may refer to the results which Pro- fessor Baird has been enabled to arrive at from the unrivalled opportu- nity which he has had in the extensive collection of the Institution, of
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 33
studying the relations of nearly sixty thousand specimens of the birds of North America.
The object of the collection we have just described is exclusively the advanee of science. The specimens require comparatively but little space for use and preservation. Not being intended for public exhibition they need not be mounted, but may be kept in drawers, or packed away in labeled boxes or casks until wanted for a special investigation.
Another class of large museums are of a mixed character, combin- ing in their object scientific investigation with special systematic and collegiate instruction. Of this class is the great museum at Cambridge, supported principally by the State of Massachusetts, and ‘under the direction of Professor Agassiz. This museum, which may be consid- ered a model of its class, embraces—first, an immense number of origi- nal specimens, in the study and description of which a number of accomplished naturalists are continuously employed ; second, a series of specimens which have been scientifically described, and so arranged in accordance with their affinities as to enable the student in any branch of natural history to obtain, with the least expenditure of labor, a definite knowledge of what is known of the objects to which he is devoting his attention; third, a series of specimens of genera so arranged as to serve as illustrations of the courses of lectures to the students of the university on such general principles of naturat history as form an essential part of a liberal education. This museum, therefore, affords ample means for the advancement of science by origi- nal investigation; for the special training of students who desire to devote themselves to natural history, and for collegiate instruction, while the facilities which itis calculated to afford in these lines are only limited by the funds which it can command.
Another class of museums supported at the public expense are those intended almost exclusively for popular instruction and amusement. Museums of this class have been established in several of the principal cities of Great Britain, and I doubt not that the beneficial effects they are producing will induce other cities to follow their example. The most important of these is the one at Liverpool, in which series of generic specimens are admirably mounted and so arranged as to clearly exhibit their relations and affinities. They are, moreover, all distinctly labeled, so that the visitor, almost without an effort, receives definite impressions, valuable in themselves, and which, by association of ideas, become more important as centers around which other ideas, derived from future reading and observation, may be clustered. The impres- sions made through the eye are not only the most definite, but also the most indelible. Museums of this kind ought to be established at the public expense in every city or community which can afford the means for their support. So popular are collections of objects of natural his- tory and ethnology, that large establishments of mere heterogeneous materials are frequently sources of profit te those to whom they belong.
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34 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
In some eases, in a better class of museums, a small admission fee is demanded, and the whole proceeds of this expended in sustaining and enlarging the collections. As an example of this I may mention the public museum established by Mr. Woodward in San Francisco, which is not only a source of continued amusement to the inhabitants of that ‘ity, but also a means of adult education, since the specimens are gener- ally well classified and properly labeled. Advantage should be taken through museums, of a feature of the human mind essential to pro- eress, the desire for novelty, to lead the public to the employment of the intellectual pleasure derived from the study and contemplation of nature. It is truly surprising how tastes may be formed, how objects before disregarded may, when viewed as a part of a natural family, be invested with attractions which shall ever after render them sources of refined pleasure and unalloyed enjoyment.
While the Smithsonian Institution should continue to devote a por- tion of its own funds to assist in explorations which have for their object the advance of science, the public musenm, with the care of which it is intrusted by Congress, should, in my opinion, without detract- ing from its scientific character, largely partake of the popular element. It is to be supported by the Treasury of the United States, and should, therefore, be an object of interest to the large number of visitors who are annually drawn to Washington by curiosity or otherwise, and who cherish a patriotic pride in whatever redounds to the reputation of the national capital. °
Besides specimens properly labeled for study, especially of the con- tinent of North America, it should contain those to fully illustrate in part, at least, the more prominent divisions of the animal, vegetable, and mineral kingdoms. These should be so arranged, regard being had to artistic effect, as to exhibit the principles of classification, the relation of organs to one another and to those of their allies, the phases of their organization, and other peculiarities relating to their habits and places in the economy of nature. To assist in this, models and pictorial illus- trations of magnified smaller parts and of minute structures should be supplied. In every instance the objects should be accompanied with copious legible descriptions, and in no case should a group contain a single specimen more than is absolutely necessary for the general purpose. Economy of space in a public museum should never be consulted at the expense of clearness of illustration. The national museum should contain skeletons in the original, or casts in plaster, of all the larger fossil animals—sections and scenic representations on a large scale of geological periods, and modeled figures of the different races of men and species of animals.
The space which is at present available in the Smithsonian building for a general public museum consists of the following apartments:
1. On the first floor a room 200 feet long and 50 feet wide. 2. Another large room, in the west wing, 654 feet long by 35 feet wide, witha
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 35
semi-circular projection atoneend. 3. A connecting range of 60 feet long by 37 wide. 4. In the second story a single large room of 200 feet long and 50 feet wide. The large room on the first floor is not well adapted to the display of specimens, since it is occupied through its whole length with two rows of colossal columns. ‘The upper room, however, as well as that in the west wing of the building, is entirely free from all hin- drance to an arrangement with a view to the best exhibition of the collections. I have said that the rooms above mentioned constitute the present available space for the accommodation of the museum. When, however, more space is required, the eastern wing, now in part occupied as a.residence by the Secretary, can be employed for the purpose. The floor and partitions which separate the several apartments of this por- tion of the building are of a temporary character and can be readily removed. The lower part of this wing and its basement are now used for containing the exchanges and as store-rooms for duplicate specimens of geology and mineralogy. In accordance with the views which have been presented, it is intended to devote the whole of the large room in the second story of the main building to archeological objects with skeletons, life-size drawings, and restorations of the larger mammals contemporary with primitive man, especially on the continent of America. Second, to appropriate the wall-surface and a part of the floor-space of the western wing of the building to mineralogy and geology. The por- tions of the extensive walls of this room can be covered on the east side, which presents an unbroken surface above the top of the cases of 65 feet by 10 feet, with a geological section across the continent, and the opposite wall with drawings of the characteristic fossils of the strata which are exhibited on the eastern wall. The side and mineral cases for containing the specimens, besides exhibiting a characteristic series of specimens, to represent general geology, mineralogy, and paleontology, will be occupied with full sets of specimens to illustrate the geological formation of North America, and especially the mineralogical resources of this country.
The collection of objects to illustrate anthropology now in possession of the Institution is almost unsurpassed, especially in those which relate to the present Indians and the more ancient inhabitants of the American continent. An artistic and scientific exhibition of these in the large room we have mentioned, could not fail to be highly inter- esting to the general public, the student of ethnology, and especially to the many intelligent foreigners who visit the capital of the United States. There are also in the collection of specimens in charge of the Institution full sets of all the rocks and minerals collected by the several exploring expeditions which have been sent out by the General Government, besides those which have been presented as free gifts or in exchange to the Institution from all parts of our continent. We can, therefore, with scarcely any additional material, or only with such as can be readily obtained, render the national museum much more
36 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
creditable to the Government and the Institution than it has ever yet been. Such a collection will tend to draw to itself numerous isolated collections, especially of anthropology, which, though they may be of much interest to the individuals possessing them, are of comparatively little value in the way of advancing a knowledge of the subject to which they pertain, and, in ease of the death of the owners, are gener- erally dissipated and frequently lost to the world. The only way in which they can become of real importance is by making them part of a general collection, carefully preserved in some public institution, where they can be studied and compared with other specimens, and where, in the course of the increasing light of science, they may be «made to reveal truths beyond present anticipation.
Herbarium.—Aun account of the transfer of the extensive collection of plants of the Institution to the care of the Department of Agriculture has been given in previous reports, but it is thought important to place on record a more detailed history of this collection than has yet been published, and I therefore present the following account of it from notes furnished by Dr. Torrey.
The Institution having accumulated a large number of botanical specimens collected in various parts of the world, most of them brought home by the Government exploring expeditions, others presented by authors of botanical works, travelers or special collectors, the offer was made by Professor John Torrey to arrange, without compensation, all these separate collections into one general herbarium. This offer was gladly accepted on the part of the Institution, and all the specimens on hand, and all that were subsequently received up to 1869, were transferred to him. When he commenced the task, the specimens, especially those collected by the Institution, were still in bundles as they were received, and all required to be poisoned to prevent their destruction by insects, which had already commenced their ravages. The plan adopted by Dr. Torrey for the arrangement of the plants was of the most approved character. Each species, often represented by sev- eral specimens, and all the marked varieties, are fastened to a half sheet of strong white paper and labeled. All the species of a genus are laid on one or more whole sheets of thicker tinted paper, on the lower left- hand corner of which the generic name is written. The genera are arranged according to the natural system, following for the most part the order of De Candolle. <A very large proportion of the specimens are authentically named by the authors who have described them; and as they are the type-specimens or originals of several important works are invaluable for reference. Some of the more valuable portions of the Smithsonian herbarium are the following :
1. The plants collected by the exploring expedition under the command of Admiral Wilkes, during the years 1838 to 1842. Many countries were visited in this voyage round the world, and an extensive herbarium
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. ou
brought home. The botanists of the expedition were Mr. William Rich, Dr. Charles Pickering, and Mr. W. I. D. Brackenridge. To the last- named gentleman was assigned the description of the ferns, his report on which was printed by order of Congress in a handsome quarto volume, with a folio atlas, containing beautifully engraved figures of the new or little-known species. After a very few copies of this work were dis- tributed, the remainder of the edition was destroyed by fire while in the hands of the binder. The copper-plates, however, are still in the custody of the Library Committee of Congress, and it would cost but little to print a new edition of a work so much desired by a large number of botanists. The flowering plants, with the exception of those collected in California and Oregon, were referred to Dr. Torrey; others were partially studied by Mr. Rich, and then committed to Professor Asa Gray for a more thorough investigation. Of this portion of the collee- tion only one quarto volume of text, and a large folio volume of illustra- tions, have thus far been published by Congress. For a number of years the publication of the works relating to the exploring expedition was in charge of the Joint Library Committee of Congress and Admiral Wilkes, but it was impossible to procure appropriations to defray the large expense of the undertaking. At length all the materials were trans- ferred to the Smithsonian Institution, provided it would publish for distribution an edition of the whole. The limited income of the Smith- sonian fund did not permit the Institution to embark in so formidable an undertaking, and plates, manuscripts, and printed matter are still in possession of the Committee on the Library of Congress.
Professor Gray is ready to go on with his work as soon as provision is made for its publication. Dr. Torrey’s report has been long since completed, and the illustrations drawn, engraved, and even printed. At this late day, however, the report would require revision; indeed, so many hew and rare species described in it have since been found and described by other botanists, that it may be sufficient to publish a very brief report, accompanied by the plates alluded to above. The Jfosses were described and beautifully illustrated by W.S. Sullivant, esq., of Columbus, Ohio. The text in quarto of his valuable report is also printed, but not published. He has, however, at his own expense, printed for private distribution a beautiful edition of it in folio. The Alge were committed to Professor J. W. Bailey, of West Point, and Professor W. H. Harvey, of Trinity College, Dublin, whose report on these plants, with elaborate illustrations, is printed, and has been, for years, stored away in sheets awaiting to be bound up and published with Dr. Torrey’s report. The same may be said of Professor Tuckerman’s account of the Tichens, and of the reports by Rev. M. A. Curtis, of North Carolina, and Rey. Dr. Berkely, of England, on the Fungi.
2. The next most extensive and valuable portion of the herbarium is the collection of plants made during the North Pacific exploring expedi- tion, under command of Commanders Ringgold and Rodgers, from 1853
38 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
to 1856, by Mr. Charles Wright, an accomplished botanist, who accom- panied the Mexican boundary commissioners in their surveys, and who has also made extensive botanical explorations in Cuba. There has been no full report of the collections made on the North Pacific expedi- tion, though many of the new species have been published by Dr. Gray.
3. The naturalists who accompanied most of the surveying parties which made explorations for the route of a Pacific Railroad collected large numbers of plants, many of which were new to the botanist, and have been described in the published reports of these éxplorations.
4, Collections made in the Mexican boundary survey by Dr. C. C. Parry, Dr. J. M. Bigelow, Mr. C. Wright, Professor George Thurber, and Mr. Arthur Schott, are among the most extensive and valuable portions of the herbarium. <A full account of them, by Drs. Gray, Engel- mann, and Torrey, is contained in General Emory’s report. The Cac- tacez, and one or two smaller orders, were described by Dr. Engelmann; the Compositz, Scrophulariaceze, and one or two other orders, by Dr. Gray; and the ferns, with their allies, by Professor D. C. Eaton. The remaining Cryptogamia are not included in the report, but most of the new or rare ones have been published elsewhere. The grasses were to be described in a separate memoir by Professor Thurber.
5. Large additions have been made to the North American portion of the herbarium, chiefly from within the limits of the United States and Territories, by contributions from the following places: New England, by Mr. Oakes, Dr. Gray, Professor Tuckerman, 8. T. Olney, esq., Pro- fessor D. C. Haton, and others; New Jersey, by Mr. C. I’. Austin, Pro- fessor Eaton, Dr. Torrey, and Dr. Knieskern ; New York, Messrs. Austin, LeRoy, Clinton, Torrey, and many others; Pennsylvania, by Dr. Dar- lington, and Professor Thos. C. Porter; North Carolina, by Rey. Dr. Curtis; Florida, by Dr. Chapman, (type-specimens of his flora of the Southern States;) Alabama, by Professor Winchell; Kentucky, Dr. Short, and Mr. Sullivant; Texas and New Mexico, Messrs. Fendler, Ervend- berg, and others, besides what the botanists collected in the Mexican boundary survey; Rocky Mountains, Dr. Parry, Captain Macomb, and Dr. Newberry; Oregon, Mr. Geo. Gibbs, and others; Nebraska, Dr. Hayden; Nevada, Mr. Stretch; California, Dr. H. M. Bolander, General I'rémont, Miss Davies, Th. Bridges, Mr. BE. Samuels, Dr. Torrey, and many others; Colorado, Dr. Anderson, Frémont, and others. Besides these principal sources of United States plants, very many specimens have been received from other places and persons, which we have not space to enumerate. From British America, especially the sub-aretic portions, Dr. Kennicott, and officers of the Hudson’s Bay Company have furnished specimens. Of foreign plants, besides those collected in the two United States exploring expeditions already noticed, the herbarium con- tains valuable and large contributions from Japan, Mantchuria, China, eic., from Professors Reigel and Maximovitch, of the Imperial Academy of Science of St. Petersburg, and the Imperial Botanic Garden: <A
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 39
large collection of Sandwich Island plants, (all type-specimens,) made by Mr. Horace Mann, lately deceased: A collection of plants from Mirador, Mexico, by Dr. Sartorius: Many specimens, with fleshy fruits in alco- hol, collected on the Panama Railroad, by the late Dr. Sutton Hayes; others from the same regicn by, Fendler, in 1850: Plants from Jamaica, especially ferns from Mr. Wilson; from Cuba, collected by Mr. Chas. Wright; Venezuela, many beautifully dried ferns by Fendler; from Texas and Northern Mexico, by Berlandier; Lower California, by Mr. Xantus; Brazil and Paraguay, by unknown collector. From Europe, there is an extensive collection of Hungarian plants from Mr. Arthur Schott, and of Illyrian plants from Professor Thomasini, besides many smaller collections from various parts of the continent. Dr. Torrey has contributed a large number of specimens from his own herbarium.
As to the disposition made of the duplicates of the collections, they have been sent in the name of the Smithsonian Institution to learned societies, botanic gardens, and individuals, whenever they could be dis- posed of for the advance of science. Full sets of duplicates were pre- sented to the Royal Garden at Kew, near London, the botanic gardens of Paris and St. Petersburg, besides smaller portions to individuals, lyceums of natural history, and colleges.
This collection of plants has been transferred to the Agricultural De- partment, on the conditions set forth in the following documents, of which the originals are in the archives of the Institution and of the Agricultural Department:
WASHINGTON, D. C., January 1, 1868.
In order to the harmonious co-operation of the Smithsonian Institu- tion and the Department of Agriculture in their respective provinces of advancing science, they enter into the following agreement relative to the disposition of specimens:
First. All the botanical specimens in possession of the Smithsonian Institution, about twenty thousand, and all that may hereafter be col- lected by it, shall be transferred to the Agricultural Department on the following terms:
1. That a competent botanist, approved by the Institution, shall be appointed to have charge of the collection.
2. That the collection shall, at all times, be accessible to the public for educational purposes, and to the Institution for scientific investiga- tion, or for supplying any information in regard to plants that its cor- respondents may ask for.
3. That due credit be given to the Institution in the report of the Agricultural Department for the original deposit, and for such addi- tions as may be made to it, from time to time, by the Institution.
Second. That the Agricultural Department shall transfer to the Smith- sonian Institution any specimens it may now have, or may hereafter ob- tain, that are not necessary to illustrate agricultural economy; such as
40 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
those of ethnology and of various branches of natural history. Similar credit to be given in this case as is required in the former. HORACE CAPRON, Commissioner of Agriculture. : JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.
Yhe following is an account of the more important additions which have been made to the collection in the Agricultural Department by the Institution since the transfer of the general herbarium in 1868:
1. A set of European plants, numbering about four hundred species, presented by Professor Paul Reintz, of Germany, in exchange, at his request, for specimens of American plants.
2. A second very extensive collection of plants from the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg, in return for donations from the Institution. This present, like all of those we have received from the Imperial Academy, is of a most valuable character. It consists of eleven hundred species from Russia, Siberia, Western Europe, and Japan.
3. Another large collection is from the widow of the late Mr. James MeMinn, Williamsport, Pennsylvania, principally of plants from the mountainous regions of Pennsylvania, but also comprising specimens from other parts of this country and different localities in Kurope. Mr. McMinn was a civil engineer, and in the practice of his profession in surveying lines for railways and canals became interested in the variety of plants which were presented to his notice, and as a means of recre- ation, as well as of intellectual improvement, commenced the study of botany. It would appear from the examination of his herbarium, that he had entered into extensive correspondence with some of the principal botanists of this country and Europe, and had enriched his coilection by exchanges. His herbarium contained about five thousand species, among which is aninteresting series of plants from the Alps. The special thanks of the Institution are due to Mrs. McMinn for the judicious dis- position she hes made of the results of the labors of her lamented hus- band, which we trust will be preserved among the collections of the Government, as a permanent memorial of his devotion to science and of her enlightened liberality.
Besides the foregoing there have been added several hundred bottles of samples of agricultural materials and products, humerous specimens of seeds, roots, fibers, fungi, sections of wood, &e.
Work done in connection with the collections.—Professor Baird, during the past year, in addition to his services in regard to the exchanges, natural history, and assistance in correspondence, has completed the systematic description of the land birds of the Pacific States, forming the first volume of ornithology published, in connection with its geo- logical survey, by the State of California. The materials for this work
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. Al
were from the manuscript notes of Dr. J. G. Cooper, of San Francisco, while the descriptions are principally from specimens in the Smithsonian collections. This yolume, in regard to its typography, illustrations, and the character of its contents, does honor to the liberality of the State at whose expense it was published, as well as to the science of the country. Professor Baird has also continued his labors with Dr. Brewer, of Bos- ton, on a work relative to the general ornithology of North America; in this he has been assisted by Mr. Robert Ridgeway, the zodélogist of the exploration of the fortieth parallel under Clarence King. To the latter, free access has also been given, in the preparation of his report on the birds of Mr. King’s survey, to all the ornithological specimens in the Smithsonian collections.
Mr. Meek, the paleontologist, has made a preliminary report on the fossils collected by Dr. Hayden in his survey of Wyoming and contig- uous Territories, and prepared lists of the same, with descriptions of the new species. He has described and prepared drawings of a collec- tion of cretaceous fossils, sent by Professor Mudge to the Institution, from Kansas. He has made, besides several preliminary examinations, a final report on the fossils collected by Mr. King in the survey of the fortieth parallel, with full descriptions and illustrations of all the new species. He has also investigated the invertebrate fossils collected by the geological survey of Ohio, and prepared descriptions of the new
species for publication; made a preliminary report, with descrip-
tions of Some new species, on a collection of carboniferous fossils sent by Professor Stevenson from West Virginia; continued his work.on the illustrations of the monograph of the paleontology of the Upper Missouri. He has also identified collections of fossils, received from time to time at the Smithsonian Institution from collectors in various parts of the country.
Mr. Dall has been engaged in collating the extensive collection of manuscript notes of the Hudson’s Bay and other Arctic American col- laborators with whom the institution has been in correspondence for more than fifteen years. The part of these notes which he has finished relates to ornithology, and comprises many thousand items descriptive of the habits, distribution, and numbers of the birds of the regions above referred to. These will be used by Professor Baird and Dr. Brewer in their work on the birds of North America. The manuscripts also con- tain notes relative to the mammals and other animals, as well as to the ethnology of the same regions. When all. these are collated and pub- lished they will form an interesting contribution to existing knowledge of the natural productions and ethnology of the North American continent.
Mr. Dall has also devoted considerable time to original investigations relative to the minute anatomy of the mollusca from specimens in the collections of the Institution. His principal labor, however, has been in the rearrangement of the very large series of shells from the west coast of America and of the North Pacific, including many types of the new
42 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
species of Gould, Carpenter, Cooper, Stearns, Pease, H. and A. Adams, &e. These have mostly passed through the hands of Dr. P. P. Car- penter, of Montreal, but still required to be placed, in suitable trays, and ‘provided with new labels and specially arranged for cabinet pur- poses. He has also had charge throughout most of the year of the record of additions to the museum, and the labeling of collections, espe- cially those of ethnology and osteology.
Meteorology.—The system of meteorology of the Institution has been kept up as usual during the past year. The number of observers report- ing to the Institution during this period is 515, and to the Medical Department of the United States Army, to the records of which we have free access, 140. The value of these observations increases with the number of observers and the time for which the several series are con- tinued. But observations, however long-continued and extensive, are comparatively of little value unless they are reduced and discussed ; and these operations can only be performed at the expense of great labor, since thousands of figures have to be tabulated and subjected to various arithmetical processes in order to deduce the general results which con- stitute approximate scientific principles. As we have stated in previous reports, the discussion of the rain and temperature has been for some years in charge of Mr. Charles A. Schott. The results in regard to the rain have been printed, and will form a part of the Smithsonian Con- tributions for the year 1871. A general account of these results was: given in the last report, but in this it may be further stated that the principal deductions are made from an original series of tables giving the monthly rain-fall from the earliest periods from all sources in the United States and adjacent countries down to 1867, From these general tables a series of consolidated tables of means for seasons and years, for the whole time, is deduced. It was thought advisable, on account of the great expense, to publish for the present the consolidated tables, and to retain the others for reference or to answer special inquiries in regard to the rain-fall of particular stations. The former have been kept up to date, all the new materials having been incorporated; and to extend the system a large number of rain-gauges have been distributed to dif- ferent parts of the country, and especially to the western States.
The temperature records are still under investigation by Mr. Schott. The work was in part temporarily, suspended during his absence in Europe as a member of the expedition for observing the total eclipse of last December. The following is a statement of the present condition of the discussion.
The collection of material has for the most part been completed down to the present time, and tables of hourly, bi-hourly, and semi-hourly observations of temperature have been prepared. From these have heen deduced tables to be used for the correction of daily variations of temperature. The daily fluctuation of the atmospheric temperature
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 3)
has been discussed, and tables giving the times of sunrise and sunset for stations between latitudes 23° and 60°, to be used for corrections of daily variation, have been computed. The annual fluctuations of tem- perature have been in part discussed, and the tables of maxima and minima are in an advanced state toward completion.
All the observations relative to the winds, made under the direction of the Institution, and under the Medical Department of the Army, and all those which have been collected from other sources, have been placed in charge of Professor J. H. Coffin, of Lafayette College, for reduction and discussion. It was first intended to limit the investiga- tion to the winds of North America, but it has since been considered advisable to incorporate the whole in a memoir on the general direction of the winds of the globe. To defray the cost of the extra labor, other than that of Professor Coffin, in this investigation, an appropriation has been made from the income of the Institution. During the year, Pro- fessor Coffin has been pressing on this work, with a number of assistants, as rapidly as the means at his command and his time would allow.
The Smithsonian meteorological system was commenced in 1849, and has continued in operation until the present time. Its efforts have been directed in the line of supplementing and harmonizing other systems, of a more limited character, with that of the more general one of the Army of the United States, and in some measure with the system estab- lished in Canada. It has done good service to the cause of meteorology, 1, in inaugurating the system which has been in operation upward of twenty years; 2, in the introduction of improved instruments after discussion and experiments; 3, in preparing and .publishing at its ex- pense an extensive series of meteorological tables; 4, in reducing and discussing the meteorologicai material which could be obtained from all the records from the first settlement of the country till within a few years; 5, in being the first to show the practicability of telegraphic weather signals; 6, in publishing records and discussions made at its own expense, of the Arctic expeditions of Kane, Hayes, and McClin- tock; 7, in discussing and publishing a number of series of special records embracing periods of from twenty to fifty years in different see- tions of the United States, of great interest in determining secular changes of the climate; 8, in the publication of a series of memoirs on various meteorological phenomena, embracing observations and discus- Sions of storms, tornadoes, meteors, auroras, &e.; 9, in a diffusion of a knowledge of meteorology through its extensive unpublished corre- spondence and its printed circulars. It has done all in this line which its limited means would permit, and has urged upon Congress the estab- lishment, with adequate appropriation of funds, of a meteorological department under one comprehensive plan, in which the records should be sent to a central depot for reduction, discussion, and final publica- tion.
An important step has been made toward this desirable object in the
44 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
————__ a
establishment, during the last year, by Congress, of a system of practical weather reports under the direction of the War Department, with ample means for the purchase standard instruments, the pay of assistants, and telegraphic dispatches. The results of this system in the way of pre- diction have been eminently successful, and have everywhere met with popular favor. The organization and administration of the system by General Myer, the director, has evinced great executive ability, and his wisdom has been shown in selecting Professor Abbe as his scientifie assistant. It should be recollected, however, that the principles em- ployed in foretelling the weather are practical results previously arrived at by the investigations of men of abstract science founded on simulta- neous records without the aid of telegraphic communication. For the discovery of the general laws of meteorological phenomena, simultaneous observations should be made over large portions of the earth, and the records of these collected at stated periods, say at the end of every month, at some central office, and submitted first to preliminary reduc- tion, and finally to the critical study of men like Espy, Redfield, and others, fitted by education, experience, and mental peculiarities to deduce from them the required generalizations. I would therefore sug- gest that a still larger appropriation be made by Congress to the War Department for establishing, besides the reports for weather signals, a series of intermediate stations, also furnished with compared instru- ments, to record daily observations to be transmitted to Washington weekly or monthly, and also that provision be made for the support of a number of competent persons'‘to carry on the reductions and prepare the results for publication.
It has been the policy of this Institution from the first to do nothing which can be done as well or better by other means, and in accordance with this policy the Institution would willingly relinquish the field of meteorology, which it has so long endeavored, though imperfectly, to cultivate, turning over to the Signal Office all the material which it has accumulated up to a given epoch. We would advise also a similar course to be pursued on the part of the Medical Department of the Army. All the deductions from the combined materials which have been collected up to the present time should be obtained and published, although since, they may be in many respects defective, they contain the essential element of long periods of meteorological changes and a new era commence with more precise instruments and improved methods of observation. From such a system, however perfect it may be, immediate results are not to be expected. New and important de- ductions can scarcely be obtained until after a continuance of the sys- tem for several years, as, for example, the accurate determination of the periodicity which probably exists in regard to the droughts of the western coast.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. 45
Before closing this report it is proper that I should refer to a resolu- tion adopted by your honorable board at its last session, granting me leave of absence to visit Europé to confer with savans and societies relative to the Institution, and making provision for the payment of my expenses. The presentation of this proposition was entirely without my knowledge, but I need scarcely say that its unanimous adoption was highly gratifying to my feelings, and that I availed myself of the privi- lege it offered with a grateful appreciation of the kindness intended.
I sailed from New York on the 1st of June, returning, after an absence of four and a half months, much improved in health and with impres- sious, as to science and education in the Old World, which may be of value in directing the affairs of the Institution. Although limited as to time, and my plans interfered with somewhat by the war, I visited England, Ireland, Scotland, Belgium, parts of Germany and France. But deferring, for the present, an account of my travels and the observa- tions connected with them, I will merely state that, as your representa- tive, I was everywhere kindly received, and highly gratified with the commendations bestowed on the character and operations of the Institution intrusted to your care.
Respectfully submitted.
JOSEPH HENRY.
JANUARY, 1871.
APPENDIX TO THE REPORT OF THE SECRETARY.
Table showing the entries in the record-books of the Smithsonian Museum
in 1869 and 1870.
Class. 1869. 1870.
Skeletons and-Skculls!-<22 22 .(2 sai-2~ 222 -Go-saee seme ees saan 9,708 11,512 Mammalaes 2* 52 decade 2b Ae cca gettvoes Ree se eee Sete es 9, 516 9, wag [SviGIS|! eS BER Se ESS SSSR ao etsaSn dssmsaSss2 Scedisace Seeen < 5886 58, 976 61, 150 Raptilesys. 225.0202). 225 3255 FSIS Senta tails whale nie te mie 7,517 7,535 1g GIN) Be BBE Bee Coe Cette er atioc. OF Sean babe 0SSE EE aa oc ache eee 7, 885 7, 897 DANO RI, Gad SASBSS Goes aSseiases sodas nSS555 vabisse s4e5o5 15, 500 15, 671 @rustaeeanss) 225 cess seo sone toe hee tee ee ee eee eerie eter 1, 287 1, 287 Malis lest Foo okies < oes <a ae ere 21,770 22, 345 IN@GIENEE S Book des 8 SSS aReee ees Seto coas S555 SsoSosse scSceseesee 2,725 2, 730 Atri OSS - = yer os Stee seta a slap ak & wel sate tate te oral rat al ate et comet 100 100 IfORiilcy goeameLe Cason oee need nee noe (oases S65 cagadec se. cera Ss oSe 7, 283 7, 380 Iie ee ee te eee eA REA SS ee oS abe coos seed Ssae 6, 977 7,154 Bihnolopicalispecimens=- 2-225 sce e See tee etapa erate 9, 233 10, 000 JBI RS aoa Seen Ob BAAR OOO MIS RRIem nro mcs oson ase saouct cats ne 175 175 BRO talgee essa eicetee a et ao ne eee ele ter 158, 652 164, 709
» Lotalventries: during thevyearl, eee. ee eee ee eee ee eee eee 6, 057
Of the above enumeration, 4,154 specimens of the birds and 500 of the
mammails are mounted and on exhibition in the hall.
Approximate table of distribution of duplicate specimens
to the end of 1870.
Distribution to the Distribution in end of 1869. 1870. pe Class.
Species. | Specimens.| Species. | Specimens.) Species. | Specimens. Skeletons and skulls. 154 593 60 78 214 671 Mammials!:22 28%... 22 2: 885 1,706 ol 76 916 1,782 Bit ecacansconasses| LehChl 18, 996 2, 200 3,564 | 34,951 22, 530 Reptilesess .- 2 22 1,701 2, 830 40 40 1,741 2, 870 Bishesteeecee.. 2222 2, 434 5, 210 1 1 2, 435 Sy oud Heosiobirds ess. 4, 381 11,711 2,074 4, 683 6, 455 16, 394 Shellge seems 78, 391 177, 927 3, 087 5,230 | 81,178 183, 157 Radiates ../..R 2 551 727 32 51 583 778 Crustaceans .......- 1, 623 2, 526 5d 124 1, 078 2, 650 Marine invertebrates} 1,838 5, AG 2a scone eels ESE eA Pom Bick 5, 152 Plants and packages
Onencedss ie. 6 2 13, 658 19, 218 1, 845 1,845 | 15,503 21, 063 JESS ULS) Ae epee eae ei 3, 958 9! GRO res tracers ne reaeees ese 3, 958 9, 984 Minerals and rocks... 2, 880 7,774 750 800 3, 630 8, 574 Ethnological speci-
EONS ce cise ee 1, 107 1,154 36 36 1, 148 1, 190 IMS@CUS Psa ec ce eet iD 2, 846 100 100 1, 682 2, 946 Diatomaceous earths| 26 566 2 2 28 568
Totals. 2: 127, 470 268,920] 10,313 16,630 | 127,783 285, 520
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS. 47
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION IN 1870.
Adams, F. C.—Limestone rock, Virginia.
Agricultural Department United States, Hon. Horace Capron, Commis- sioner.—Skin of monkey and parrot, South America; reptiles in alcohol, from Colorado, California, and the East Indies; dry fish and crustacea from China and New York Harbor. (See elsewhere under other entries.)
Aiken, H. C.—Skins of Leucosticte tephrocotis, Rocky Mountains.
Albuquerque, Don Frederico.—Barrel of fish in aleohol, from Brazilian rivers.
_ Alden, Dr. C. H., United States Army, through the Army Medical Mu- seum.—Petrified wood, fossils and minerals, from Colorado Territory.
Anderson, General, through J. M. Thompson.—Fresh heads, nome and skins of the American bison, Kansas.
Army Medical Museum, United States; Dr. George A. Otis, United States Army, in charge——Stone implements from Colorado Territory ; fossil teeth of mastodon, &e., Alabama. (See also under the names of the medical officers United States Army.)
Baird, Professor S. F’.—Carvings of northeastern Eskimo; arrow- heads, relics from ancient shell-heaps on the coast of Massachusetts ; fish and turtles in alcohol, fin of thresher shark, jaws and skeletons of fish, from Wood’s Hole, Massachusetts.
Bannister, H. M.—Arrow-heads, &c., Illinois.
Baurmeister, Rev. W.—Minerals, Indiana.
Balbach, A.—F cetal mice in alcohol, New Jersey.
Baldwin, Charles Si—Archeological specimens, Tennessee.
Barker, T. Si—Shell adze and arrow-heads, Florida,
Bentley, Dr. E., Assistant Surgeon United States Army, through Army Medical Musewn.—Stone implements, San Francisco Bay, California.
Berendt, Dr.—Turtles, fossil fish and plants, from Mexico.
Berthoud, Captain HL, £.—Fiint-flakes and serapers, Colorado Territory.
Bishop, N. H.—Cuban mocking-birds in alcohol.
Blackmore, William.—Model of Stonehenge and flint implements, Great Britain.
Boardman, George A.—Bird skins, nests, and eggs, from Maine and Florida; models of great auk egg, skulls of buffalo and gnu, South Africa.
Bolander, Dr. H.—Californian seeds.
Boucard, A.—Bird skins from Mexico.
Bowman, J. B.—Collection of birds, and one mammal, from Aus- tralia.
Brevoort, J. Carson.—Bones of the dodo, from Mauritius.
Brown, Solomon G.—Arrow-heads, District of Columbia.
Bryan, O. N.—Pottery, stone implements, arrow-heads, &c., Virginia.
Bryant, Captain Charles.—Skins of the walrus and seal, from Alaska.
48 ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS.
Burn, J. P.—Specimens of rock from the Bosphorus.
Burr, Fearing —Specimens from Massachusetts shell-heaps.
Burrough, J.—Nest and skin of mourning warbler, New York.
Cameron, John.—Mask from an Egyptian sarcophagus.
Central Park Commissioners, New York.—Cast of antique statue, Costa Rica.
Chase, Thomas.—Stone mortar and pestle, Virginia.
Coleman, N.—Insects from Ohio.
Collins, H.—Specimens from shell-heaps, Louisiana.
Condon, Rev. Thomas.—Fossils from Columbia River.
Cooper, Theodore.—Shells from the Galapagos Islands.
Coues, Dr. Hlliott, United States Army.—-Bird-skins from North Carolina. ;
Curtis, Dr. Josiah.—Indian implements, pottery, We., from Tennessee and Georgia.
Dall, Rev. C. H. A.—Skull and horns of the buffalo of southern India.
Dall, W. H.—Specimens of mollusea and shells from various localities.
Damon, R.—Specimens of brachiopods from the European seas.
Dant, Thomas E.—Abnormal eggs of domestic fowl.
Davis, Henry.—Fossils from Lowa.
Day, Robert, jr.—Stone implements from Ireland.
Domeyko, Professor, University of Chili.—Chilian minerals.
Dow, Captain J. M.—Skulls and bones of tapirs from Central America; young tapir in alcohol, and other alcoholic specimens, from Panama.
Durkee, H. R.—Human remains and fossils from Wyoming Territory ; birds, eggs, and nests, with some osteological specimens, from the same locality.
Hvans, Abner G., by the Hon. W. Townsend.—Stone implements from Pennsylvania.
Finck, Hugo.—Stone antiquities from Mexico.
Fitzgerald, Dr. J. A., United States Army, (by Dr. J. 8S. Billings, United States Army.)—Fossil teeth from Indian Territory.
Fliigel, Dr. Felix.—Alcoholic specimens, Europe.
Poreman, Dr. H.—F¥resh-water shells, District of Columbia.
Gardner, G. T.—Specimens from Maine shell heaps.
Gibbs, Mr.—Box seeds, nuts, &e., Kansas.
Girard, Dr. Basil, United States Army, (through Army Medical Museum.)—Fossils from Wyoming Territory.
Gleason, W. T.—Glaciated rock, Connecticut.
Glover, Lieutenant Russell, United States Revenue Marine.—Specimens of Acme a testudinalis and Boltenia clavata from the coast of Maine.
Graves, E. D.—ULignite, Pennsylvania.
Graves, W. W.—Infusorial earth from Maine.
Guest, Follis, (through Hon. W. Townsend.)—Stone implements, Penn- sylvania.
Hachenburg, Dr.—Scale of sturgeon.
ee
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS. 49
Hall, George H.—Specimens of grinding and building stone, Ohio.
Hall, John.—Indian erania and bones, San Francisco.
Haney, Jesse H.—Indian silver ornament, Arkansas.
Hansen, Walter.—Stone awl, Missouri. Apache basket from New Mexico.
Hartman, Dr.—Collection of insects, Pennsylvania.
Haskins, Mr.—Horned toad, California.
Hayden, Dr. F. V—Beaver cuttings from the Roeky Mountains. (See also United States Geological Survey of Territory.
Heaton, L. D., (through Agricultural Department.)—Reptile from Texas.
Henriques, Captain United States Revenue Marine.—Ethnological and botanical collections from Alaska.
Himes, Professor C. F’.—Bones from the Carlisle bone-cave, Penn- sylvania.
Hinckley, J. R.—Fish and fishbones, Massachusetts coast.
Hoover, H.—ossils and arrow-heads, Pennsylvania.
Hoxie, Walter.—Egegs of Cathartes atratus, South Carolina.
Hoy, Dr. P. R.—F¥ish, &c., from deep dredgings off Racine, Wisconsin.
Hutchinson, Kohl & Co.—Seal-skins, walrus skull and volcanic sand, Alaska.
Jackson, Haliday, (through Hon. W. Townsend.)—Stone implements, Pennsylvania.
Jackson, Rk. S.—Osteological and odlogical specimens from Louisiana.
Johnson, Hugene.—Indian redstone pipe.
Johnson, Lieutenant.—Specimen of an owl, District of Columbia.
Jones, Rev. C. M.—Nests of Ammodromus maritimus and candacutus, Connecticut.
Jones, Jno. P.—Cranium of mound builder, Missouri.
Jones, Strachan, Hudson Bay Company.—Collection of birds and eggs, Little Slave Lake, Hudson Bay territory.
Keenan, T. J. k.—Unionide, specimens of ethnology and natural history
from Mississippi. Two specimens of continental currency.
Kellogg, Dr. A.—Plants from California.
King, Clarence—Stone pestle, California. Minerals and rocks from Nevada.
Knapp, Dr. James.—Collection of fossils, Kentucky.
Knight, Jeremiah.—Plate of crystallized quartz from Orange County, New York.
Kohler, Mr.—Seventy pound mass of silicate of zine, Union Lead Works, Virginia.
Lancaster, Dr.—Mineral residue from water of Alum Springs, Virginia.
Lartet, Professor E.—Bone breccia from the bone-caves of Dordogne, France.
Latham, General G. R.—Skin of kangaroo, Australia.
Latimer, George.—Collection of birds, Porto Rico.
4s
50 ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS.
Leaning, Dr. F.—Stone implements, Indiana.
Lewis, Dr. James—Fresh-water shells, Mohawk River, New York.
Limpert, W. &.—Nests and eggs, Ohio.
Lincecum, Dr. G.—Alcoholic mammals and reptiles, Mexico.
Linden, Charles.—Three bird-skins, New York.
Lockhart, James, Hudson Bay Company.—Birds and eggs, Fort Yukon, Alaska.
Long, Owen, M., United States Consul.—Fish from Panama.
Luddington, Colonel United States Army.—Carvings from the Old Pecos Church, New Mexico. )
Tupton, Professor N. T.—Indian stone relics, Warrior River, Alabama.
McElderry, Dr. H., United States Army, (through the Army Medical Museum.)—Fossils from Texas.
Macfarlane, R., Hudson Bay Company.—Birds and eggs from the Anderson River, Hudson Bay territory, being the collections for 1866.
McIlvaine, J. A.—Indian pottery from Pennsylvania.
MclLlivaine, J. H.—Birds from Central America.
McLain, Rk. T., United States Agricultural Depariment.—indian stone implements from Maryland.
Madras, Government Museum.—Skeleton of hyena, and collection of East Indian birds.
March, William, (by Agricultural Department.)—Stone knives, Ohio.
Martin H.—Eges of Ectopistes migratoria, from Michigan.
Mathews, Dr. W., United States Army.—Bull-boat used by Indians of the Indian Territory, wooden mortar, matting, head of antelope with deformed horns; ethnological specimens; same locality.
Mechling, Mrs. F, EB. D., (through Agricultural Department.)—Reptiles from Belize.
Merritt, £. S.—Indian arrow-heads, Long Island.
Merriti, J. C_——Arrow-heads from Long Island.
Meulen, Lieutenant EH. de, United States Army.—Plants from Cook’s Inlet, Alaska.
Miller, Dr. George, United States Army.—Bird’s eggs, Colorado Territory.
Milne, Hdwards, Professor Alphonse.—Casts of Afpyornis bones and fossil birds of France.
Minor, Dr. T. T., United States Army.—Indian crania from Vancouver’s Island.
Moore, Carlton R.—Fish and corals from the coast of Virginia.
Moore, James H.—Sulphate of strontia, Virginia.
Moore, N. B.—Mounted tree-duck, Louisiana.
Nantucket Atheneum.—Skuil of killer whale.
New Albany Society of Natural History.—Cast of a copper spear-head from the mounds, Indiana.
Newman, Jos., (by Agricultural Department.)—Stone implements from South Carolina.
New Zeaiand Colonial Museum —Bones of Dinornis, and Apteryz, shells, bird-skins, and ethnological specimens from New Zealand.
ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS. 5!
Nickerson, George Y.—Antique soapstone inkstand, Cape Cod. Northwestern University.—Fossils and skins of gar-pike from Illinois. Orton, Professor James.—Tertiary fossils from the Amazon.
Palmer, Dr. E., (partly through the Agricultural Department.)—Large and varied collections of specimens in various departments of zodlogy, botany, ethnology, and archeology from Arizona, Utah, and New Mex- ico.
Passmore Lewis, (by the Hon. W. Townsend.)—Stone implements, Pennsylvania.
Pease, Horatio N.—Tooth of fossil cetacean, Gay Head, Massachu- setts.
Pim, Geo. E., (by Hon. W. Townsend.)—Stone implements, Pennsyl- vania.
Plati, L. W.—Indian clothing and ornaments, Nebraska.
Pourtales, L. #. de—Marine invertebrates from Florida.
Price, J. D.—Crystallized calcite, Virginia.
Quatrefages, Professor.—Casts of osteological and other specimens from the caves of Cromagnon, France.
Rankin, Mr.—Indian crania, Massachusetts coast.
Ransom, Governor, (through Mr. Thos. Bland.) — Land shells from Barbadoes.
Reed, Byron.—Ortyx Virginianus, Nebraska.
Ricksecker, L. H.—Birds’ eggs, Pennsylvania.
Ridgeway, Robert.—Birds from flinois.
Ring, Lieut. F. M., United States Army.—Collections of birds, osteo- logical specimens, ethnology, archeology, &c., from Alaska.
Sacho, H.—Saturnia rubescens from Chili.
St. Peiersburg Imperial Botanic Garden.—Russian, Siberian, Japanese, and other plants.
Salvin, O.—Birds from the Falkland Islands.
Scammon, Capt. C. M., U. 8. Revenue Marine.—Baleen of Pacifie sul- phurbottom whale.
Schott, Dr. A.—Crystals of rock-salt, Texas.
Sclater, Dr. P. L.—Birds from Peruvian Andes and Buenos Ayres.
Sessions, Luther.—Birds’ eggs, Connecticut.
Sharpless, P. P., (through Hon. W. Townsend.)—Stone implements from Pennsylvania.
Sherwood, Andrew.—Devonian fish remains from Pennsylvania.
Sibbeston, J.. Hudson Bay Company.—Birds and eggs, Fort Yukon, Alaska.
Spinner, General F. H.—Fresh specimen of the copperhead snake, Dis- trict of Columbia.
Stearns, k. EH. O—Pottery vase and beads from Chiriqui, Central America.
Stelle, J. P—Archeological and ethnological specimens from Tennes- see mounds.
Sternberg, C. H. and Dr. G. M.—Fossil plants from Kansas.
52 ADDITIONS TO THE COLLECTIONS.
Stevenson, J.—Mounted Neotoma, Wyoming Territory.
Stevenson, J. J—Stone implements, West Virginia.
Stiles, Hon. Jno. D., M. C.—Specimen of iridescent hematite.
Streng, L. H.—Miscellaneous shells.
Stuart, Mrs. R. L.—Stone pipe, Virginia.
Sumichrast, Dr. Francis—Miscellaneous zoological collections, Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
Thomas, Hzra, (through Hon. W. Townsend.)—Stone implements, Pennsylvania.
Thompson, R. O.—Fossils and birds’ skins from Missouri.
Thomson, J. H.—HKges of African ostrich, and of Casuarius Bennettit or “ mooruk” from New Britain, and rocks containing garnets from New Bedtord.
Tolman, J. W.—Birds’ eggs, Illinois.
Townsend, Hon. W.—Stonei mplements from Pennsylvania. (See also under other entries.)
Turner, G.—F lint implements, Ilinois.
United States Geological Survey of the Territories.—Dr. F. V. Hayden in charge. Large miscellaneous zoological and paleontological collec- tions from the Rocky Mountains.
Unknown.—Stone ax, Missouri? Stone implements and fossil corals, Canada? Box fossils, Missouri? Skeleton Pottawattomie Indian ?
Vickary, Dr. R. S., Assistant Surgeon, United States Army.—Arrow- heads and pottery, New Mexico.
Vienna, Imperial Zoblogical Museum of.—Birds and skin and skeleton of the aurochs, from Austria.
Verrill, Professor A. E.—Miscellaneous radiates.
Wachsmuth, Chas.—Fossil crinoids, lowa.
Walker, Dr. Robert L., (through Agricultural Department.)—Arrow- heads from Virginia.
Weile, Chas., United States Consul.—Reptiles from Guayaquil.
Weinland, Dr. D. #.—Uand-shells from the Bahama and West India Islands.
Wiggins, Wiiliam.—Crystallized cinnabar in quartz, California.
Williams, General A. D., (through Captain J. M. Dow.)—Pottery from San Salvador, Central America.
Williams, Dr. H. C.—Arrow-heads, Virginia, and stone implements from the same locality.
Willmuth, J. A. H.—Mounted agouti, (Dasyprocta,) South America, through Agricultural Department.
Wilson, Jas.—Stone implements (through the Hon. W. Townsend) from Pennsylvania.
Wilson, Dr. S. W.—Five amphiumas from Georgia.
Witter, David K.—Fossils and seeds, Iowa.
Yager, W. L.—Nest of Tyrannus Carolinensis, New York.
Yates, Dr. L. S—Indian crania from mounds and stone mortar with pestle from California.
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC: EXCHANGES,
Table showing the statistics of the Smithsonian exchanges in 1870.
+ “4 € | 8 S 2 O 45 So a wo ey 2 wo ec og a 4 Se gy a Agent and country. 2 Sane - > 5 Die oS a Se = ac 2 i Ee ee : E 2 ier rl com A A 7 a eS Dr. FELIX FLUGEL, Leipsic ; UDISS Taiyou: 2 ead yee ee Sy cae are oan S 84 QO Ree SEA Fae eth eae a Genmanyjr ae nrseiae ae acetone ens 436 ule Oe espacllocene esa luce a eaas Swibzerlan cis sss yee eek Soe ae ee ol GOP i eeeeee|eeaietee Neeson oe GREECE ne etcetera ky AS ete fons Fe 6 (Ye | ede feed sce peat eras isis! il ns MO balers seme cele a oe ae ee eee 577 644 ot 539 13, 291 RoyaL SweEpIsH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, | Stockholm : ; Gemenalhy as tye Sore) bagvenss ces ae lees 4 Ee EE Alt SP ee | eco ee Sweden sweets o2 jslk Sei os 2S ce 17 AL acts eo herseroe- rs | Sears ARO bale pr tye he At Se Sa 21 45 Sue 30 729 ROYAL UNIVERSITY OF NorwAY, Christiania: | : IN OT Way eat: rere aarti hw ele Anema RI Ose vial 17 2 20 | 486 Roya Danisu SOCIETY OF SCIENCES, Copen- | hagen: | Denmark tr cr. hank eset ta cite a © 23 Pdoln iss oeee eee efeer ta Gelan Cea ee ae aeons Ne ee sas 1 1 a eS [istered ctor yore cree ARO tall ae craters eee eae 24 29 3 | 30 729 FREDERICK MULLER, Amsterdam : EToll an drake eras Seeder cette coe sees 57 ODL IN ERE (ese Bae Reese eee Bel gummy oe ee as ae ae eee es 33 Gre | see sages leet Figrieule rte < se eannes FERRE Leong 90 98 6 60 1, 458 — x GUSTAVE BOSSANGE, Paris: IEPATIGOr eee a syk Siar eines eee ETE ee ee 165 TGs Sc. eoel lie arena ser | eee SP amiseent a Ss pe Speae sen ee eal 9 Dive. SAS sie gee Repay ste. 2 POVGU Gal 2a Saha Pe Meo SENS oi ola 2 Op ss ere aise al eta ae PAU De HDI aa erate te Ren ud Okt ep es Mr Ve 2 Dey Wet ae [Sean aN ete Metall 22/6 No a Rea 178 195 13 123 | AO k. Istrrruro Loms. pr Science E LETTERE, Milan: Mealyaeeeiee in Etta, cada ho) 136 144 8 80 1,944 WILLIAM WESLEY, London : Great Britain and Ireland.........--. 268 AQA) || GaSe ee eas OE a Cape; Down, wAtirica a. se NsIs 58. 3 StS eR ra ener a | efi: = etek cel a Totalleeamaar. skeen titers ges 271 314 20 195 | 5,879 Rest of thecworldiees so9 Seis hh. 119 136 15 112 2, 835 Grand: to ball 22 siete as te ue, 1,425) 1, 805 0 121 Hy LT SOy ie Sie 383
5A LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received by the Smithsonian Institution from parties in America, for foreign distribution, in 18790.
ie | Py: ° ob {| © & Address. eis Address. gal Ag Ax By oy) ALBANY, NEW YORK. EASTON, PENNSYLVANIA. AV Dame IMSbVONbOL-=s— 64s cee cee 12))}| Professor A1C > Porter —s--es-seee 2 Dudley, Observatory.---5-. 3-2. =-.-) 30 New York State Library..-..--.-.-- 53 GEORGETOWN, D. C. New York State Agricultural Society.| 12 ew York State Homeopathic Soci- ; DrvASchothpesnsaceeee reese ayeeiers 1 BUY. eee ee se nd cee wicisteeee 7 New Yore State Medical Society --.- 30 HAVANA, CUBA. IDrs (PAIN Os. s.cwiceis ae eee oiecer Soe 2 Professor FPoey -a--,.4s-52- seer 2 ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN. INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. University of Michigan...--......- 2 Institution for Deaf and Dumb... 20 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. Institution for Edueation of Blind.} 100 State Geological Survey ..---..---- 400 American Academy of Arts and Sci- (GINCGS SEbGoaes eae Bas cee | 263 IOWA CITY, IOWA. Board of State Charities. .....2.... 74 + Boston Society of Natural History.| 341 || Grand Lodge of Iowa ...--.-----. 2 Bureau of Statistics of Labor ..---- 12 || Iowa Institution for Deaf and Publichliibraryess sos ¢ee acess ceeeee 16 Dumb esses eee ees 23 Dr ME Bre welye cscs ce ceeiceeook 1) Professonibanrnehs!- ose oeeeseeee 104 Dr s Ary Gouldesss awe aoe s eee 10 Dr. Howe, (Perkins Institute for JEFFERSONVILLE, INDIANA. Blam) - kre eee es Seem ee wy) CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS. S. 8. Lyon --..----------- +--+ ++. 1 Cambridge Observatory...---..----. 3 MEXICO. American Association for Advance- MENtOh SClENCOsseea eee eee 8 || Mex. Soc. Mex. de Hist. Natural. -- 25 Harvard ollegenacssemetmce cone 68 Museum of Comparative Zodlogy..| 258 | MONTREAL, CANADA. Professor Asa Grays. he oe see 1 | Professon 2. PCarpentier.-=-4+--- 3 CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA. 2 NEW BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS. Dn yh vee oLchereeeseeseee eee eee 2 Je Bhomson 2 s-.2sc- eee 1 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT. Academy of Sciences......--....--. 50 Chicago Medical Times ..---.--.... 11 || American Journal of Science-...--- 76 Connecticut Academy of Sciences. 188 CINCINNATI, OHIO. Professor al E. Vierrille 2: s2425---— 10 Obseryacory oh eee ce eee ee 36 NEW YORK. COALBURG, WEST VIRGINIA. American Institute... --:.--sse. 10 New York Lyceum of Natural His- W. H. Edwards ...... Se wespe yes 4 LOGye Wee kaSsiect ine 3 ee 132 American Christian Commission. -- 1 COLUMBUS, OHIO. H. Maunsell Schieffelin ..... ..... 500 Ohio State Agricultural Society ....| 89 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. DORCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS. Academy of Natural Sciences - ---- 258 American Philosophical Society--.| 718 Dr: Rd wardJarvis .2c2..'..022_ 2.088 30 || Franklin Institute ...5.: 422. .----- | 1
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received from parties in America, &c.—Continued.
Address.
55
Address.
PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Continued.
Gunard Colleges eee secs - 1 Historical Society of Pennsylvania-| 19 Pennsylvania House of Refuge. ---.- 20 Pennsylvania Institute for Deaf and DWN cooSce coe ned cosescuons cede 25 Society for Alleviation of Miseries InpRUbMIEGHPRiSONsS 2-55-15 > ea 25 Waener Free Institute of Science..| 113 Dr lisnaciea) <6 so 2. asso aaeniees 36 Dry Gul e Horn) oc os oeines fen <'s1e's see 3 BWP eal eve se ove aac ee tame e cists 1 PHGNIXVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA. CaM. Wiheatley; cases jis since 2 PORTLAND, MAINE.
Natural History Society ..--..--..- 65 PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY. | EZraistoe kboulsesse-ieresee eee a 3
PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND. DEMME AVE SON ease seetaso scoters. 26 SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS. ESsexolnshlbUlten ace otecemieeieleel =e 165 Peabody Academy of Science. -..--.-- 71 Dr A Subackard 5.5 sce eeaee 16 WiC Ms te ote tere atte ar rerio ttoeit 1 ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA. Minnesota Historical Society..----.| 22 SOUTH HANOVER, INDIANA. Habib radleys: se Wace elrwoctsrerspeerse ss 2
|| United States Naval Observatory --
SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS. Professor A. H. Worthen......--.- WASHINGTON, D. C.
Bureau of Navigation Bureau of Statisties...-.....---.. Columbia Institute for Deaf and Dam bre 2 eee eee ears ee Medical Department United States Ary. OUR ee eT fh Sie eat Sa rctae nate Nautical Almanac Office ......---- Treasury Department. ...-..--.--- | United States Coast Survey. .----. United States Agricultural Depart- THNOVL HS eee eleys ae elev ee eens
United States Patent Office. ....-. \Wiwsllbiorndsh ID oeeee ee See e eee | Dimi ig Wer sy tle sooceaece occas Generale An Garheldm@ssesssasess. TP OSSChe ao eiece ae Be POOLE renee ee eee WILMINGTON, DELAWARE. WAIMEIC amb yerseenaaemna seer eos WINNEBAGO, ILLINOIS. a ett! XS) 0) Ove a Ne wir geige epee Guueia gl A ADDRESSES UNKNOWN.
IF. N. Hasselquint IN, JANOS TWIGS) Bots Gaba eGo CODE AS
C~)
56
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received by the Smithsonian Institution from Europe, in 1870, for distribution in America.
= Gy VL o & Address. ay Address. a a ALBANY, NEW YORK. BETHLEHEM, PENNSYLVANIA. Aiganygalnsbiiwbe ese ee siecle == se 6)|| Gehi¢hiWniversity---2s-)--e eee eee Dudley Observatory ..-.------------ 20 New York State Agricultural Society ol BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK. New York State Library..-.-.-..--- oF Tait : are : nstitutionfor Blind 32---.----2--- New York State Medical Society ---- 1 stituvion:for Blind New York State University -------- 5 ic nee a State Cabinet of Natural History -. - 6 BLOOMS TON ENO: Governor of the State of New York. 1 || Ulinois Natural History Society -- - ions Hrancis|€. Barlow es-ss----->- 1 Professor James) Hallis2- 5. - 5-4-)---- 24 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. Be colonia eae = American Academy of Arts and Sci- xe ita : @NCESiw ie eee eee eetseee eee ASTER ET) ARPA CHOSEETS: American Christian Examiner. ---- American Statistical Association -- rs ee ee Ee een : ae aBCiy Pe es Sheard American Unitarian Association. -. Paap aie ia oe Aghengoum:- ce cen ot eee ae. ¢ ie AL Board of State'Charities-.-=-_--.-- ea ao Boston Christian Register........- St Tolima Collese 1 || Boston Society of Natural History- Sine ace ne ae foe eee 1 Massachusetts Historical Society -. Grtodl Atates Nawal Academe... 1 | New England Historico-Genealogi- oe ; Asa CaliSoclebyesecce seers eee North American Review .-.---.----. NN ARBOR : : eR : le ERs reps Prison Discipline Society..---.---- Obseivatorye sass s cee Saw eee 12 P ee pea eR rine es Vs ed pak ate University of Michigan -.....-...-- epee ence ce gre ec Major iP) brooks ssso5 sence nomen 2 N Memoirs SST CTA RAST ee rot = a 7 Jin =| | ES eee, ge ieee € : EES A Calon Sine LEE Professor A. Winehell . 9 Rev. CalebyDs Bradlee. 2-222 i Dr PEM PBrewereer ce. ote ere , ZTON, WISCONSIN. ; - 5 a EO ES CONSN Mellen Chamberlain -----.:.---.-.- . : Professor aC heeyer eee ss see ee Uw? e J TOTS chy Annee ode x we NL RS SEER SE SIRI SS SDS Lawrence University 1 SamuelUG Drake. eee eee eae Reve DriiGarneths-- 2s ene eee AUSTIN, TEXAS. eae oe AUSTEN, TESS IWevllovGiGarison) 22. ese ee =I 1 - State Libracy sete .. eee ee oT Air eran ener ae ae 9 Texas Institution for Deaf and Dumb Th See rae TL Tai: oa ANMUICUE Pah CNet e see sats Sass JEP NORTON eee eae BALTIMORE YLAND. ‘ Ni eae es ee ig tae na yas LTI TORE, MARYLAND at raneis Parkman Pape I CD 5 Rule ol ee as ; 1, as > T aya ie = Maryland Historical Society ...---- 7 Heres ae Penhallow......... Peabodwalnstibuternece + peer ee 9 oe MOND soso acs esas ssn = Qaiigh ACE avo Chew Olli Sine See eae hess S. C. Chew ..--.-.--.-- 22-222 ++---- ep ofacsaraviebeloscrs nev. Hidwin Dalrymple -2------222- 1 ; a BS GULS aan AE IE Dr. E. Foremans, 1 = a SLARKEUG 12) es a es aie eerie 2a tol a Te mt a PARTS Wel Hees eee NO eee ca Martin hew1s o-oo eee eae a - = ss 7355 acerca } || Walker, Fuller & Co 2212220222224 Dr. P R Wihiler = eee on 1 Drain: Hi. Wiebe ee. oe ee ‘ IMR 5) a ee, iHenryaC: Wiehtes-o=. cc... eee BANGOR, MAINE. e OR ee BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS. Dra yelamilin.). 3:55 -6s eee 2 . ia tay Colonelet Aspinwall 222 ose Pm yaya he 7 BATON ROUGE, LOUISIANA. Professor T, Lyman...--.---.----- Louisiana Institution for Deaf and BROOKLYN NEW ee GRY yee eo) 1 || Long Island Historical Society...
No. of packages.
oo
131
a co
tw
el et a ke ON eel OC ROCE o Moe oO te lon
rset
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received from Europe, &e.—Continued.
Address.
BROOKLYN, NEW YORK—Continued.
IDreAsebarthelmeseyseneeeessestesee eva Ela We Beecher eae eeinaceect== =< J. Carson Brevoort .----.-.- Ease Henry. CN iunphygeese soar eee 1D yes AN, Jab (satan ooo sacs oom eek.
BRUNSWICK, MAINE.
iBewdoinl College -ase5-b2 sss sa ean Historical Society of Maine ---.---.
BUFFALO, NEW YORK,
Buffalo Historical Society.-.---..---. BURLINGTON, IOWA.
Mir Ene strome-s22-- a2. Neches CawWachmiubth i225 = cose soe ee BURLINGTON, NEW JERSEY.
Wi Ga bmney soca secte seciseees ces. BURLINGTON, VERMONT.
Wifi) Clerks eee 2 ere Neen eee University of Vermont ..-..--.-.-..-
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS.
American Association for Advance-
MEntiOMSCIEN CES As. sass sees e AStLOMOMICAl OURO ds] so) see Harvard (Colles res. sc) eer ee Herbarium of Harvard College..---
Museum of Comparative Zodlogy.. - Observatory of Harvard College..-- Alexander A@assiz= 225222225 2-1 Proressor PNG ASS1 7) seme == a) e a Professom AsanGrayiesassc-- ess c=. Professor J: G. Anthony;-.---------- DWryB SAN Goulds: sect eesece oe asee lDits lel lAecihaesecsnaaooead posseee lalo. diy IBBie KO Bee EBeSeoN Mee eeciosonne iprofessoni Bb. Peirce) soace--- sees = Oo CLL pera 8 eee pt mee a IRCvaM IS WE Cry coe = neces sec Dreoep Vicia che i527 22S a ciara Seats
Professor J. D. Whitney ---..------
Professor Jrnvinlock 25-5424 =)2-2\
ProfessoLT ei iy unas soe ose al se CANTON, NEW YORK.
St. Lawrence University.-...-...-- :
CARLISLE, PENNSYLVANIA.
Dickinson College. 22 ease ance once Society of Literature ..222... 222...
.)
No. of packages.
ae
eet
—_ WW DERE Re wWee Dw:
ww
Address.
CAVE SPRING, GEORGIA.
Georgia Institution for Deaf and Dumbeee seo e so ees eee eee
CHAPEL HILL, TEXAS. SoulésUiniviersiby see sssee eee ease CHARLESTON, SOUTH CAROLINA.
Charleston Museum 222-2 52---2-- Elliott Society of Natural History - SOCiGiny IMO. So Soe eo sese Secase South Carolina Historical Society - - Dra John b Hollbrooks 2 2= 4-ee-
CHARLESTOWN, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Dre S: Webbers 2522.3 2oet jn enianee CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA. University of Virginia.....-..-..- CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.
Chicago Academy of Sciences ...- - Chicago College of Pharmacy. -.-- ORG RCI AME sega cone cnesduoase Ke Dearborn Observatory.-----..----- Historical Society of Chicago... --- imsameyAsy lumps ne. eee see IMedicall@Dimes te ssee see e eae eer Andre welOltermemeteceseeice cae S: As) Boos aS: cetys.eeeseaseeeees Mi Dedlaybountrere. saseeee ener
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
American Breemason =.-2---2----- American Medical College ..-...-- Astronomical Observatory -.-- ---- Historical and Philosophical Society Mercantile Library Association. - -- @ityi Clerks 223. \s25 22 = <-.\.;. ees Dri ClevelandvAbbe 22-5 5sssemeee Je Ge Amthomyes =e s= See ee Damire WaViar oan ee terete eee
CLINTON, NEW YORK.
Observatory of Hamilton College. . Dr oH. EY. Peters eae ae se (li)
COALBURGH, WEST VIRGINIA,
VitiEls Hidiwiamd Siem ete oe cies
on =~]
No. of packages.
on
QEWRP ERE VWH HOWE S
wo Rt ee RID Se
58
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received from Europe, &e.—Continued.
Address.
COLUMBIA, MISSOURI. Geological Survey of Missouri...-.-.. University of Missouri...--..---.-- DraG AC qowallowe s-eieeee see
COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA.
South Carolina College .-.--.------ State Library
COLUMBUS, OHIO. Institution for Deaf and Dumb. -.-- Ohio State Board of Agriculture ---. eo lesquercuxs. 22222 222 sso
CONCORD, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
New Hampshire Historical Society - - State Lunatic Asylum
COUNCIL BLUFFS, IOWA. Iowa Institution for Deaf and Dumb DANVILLE, KENTUCKY.
Kentucky Institution for Deaf and Dumb
DECORAH, IOWA. Norwegian Luther College. .---..-- DELAWARE, OHIO.
Ohio Wesleyan University ....-----
DELAVAN, WISCONSIN.
Wisconsin Institution for Deaf and Dumb
DES MOINES, IOWA. Geological survey of Iowa...-...---
Governor of the State of lowa.----- State Library
DETROIT, MICHIGAN. Michigan State Agricultural Society DORCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS. DroEdward Jarvis... 22 sane
DURHAM CENTRE, CONNECTICUT.
ROVs: Wie Owl? reco s oc. fe eee
No. of packages.
km OO
On
12
Address.
EAST GREENWICH, NEW YORK. Asa Mitehss. 224752225 .be ee eee EASTON, PENNSYLVANIA.
Lafayette College .........--.---- Brotessor (ha C. hortens--eeeeemecoe
EVANSTON, ILLINOIS. Northwestern University --.------- FAIRIBAULT, MINNESOTA.
Minnesota Institution for Deaf and Dumb
FALL RIVER, MASSACHUSETTS.
Niel Arntzen
FLINT, MICHIGAN,
Michigan Asylum for Deaf and Dumb
FORT MACON, NORTH CAROLINA. Dri, COUC8 seme sese nese e sec cleee FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY. Geological Survey of Kentucky ---.
FREDERICK, MARYLAND.
Maryland Institution for Deaf and Dumb
FREDERICKTON, NEW BRUNSWICK.
King's (College:-<-2-ece-seneeeeeee Legislative Wibrany -2---</-22----
FULTON, MISSOURI.
and
Missouri Asylum for Deaf Dumb
GALESBURG, ILLINOIS. Lombard University... -.2.css5 GALESVILLE, WISCONSIN. Galesyalle: University: --2.222ss-—- GAMBIER, OHIO.
Kenyon College-.... 25222 52--=2--2
No. of packages.
bk
|
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
; Packages received from Europe, &c.—Continued. 8 a 8 Address. a Address. ce
. GENEVA, NEW YORK. Professor El. li Smib heap. == ser GEORGETOWN, D. C. Georgetown College. ..---.--.--.-- GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN. IDE) Cilla eeeamenna paoneoesce aber GREENCASTLE, INDIANA. Indiana Asbury University -.-.---. HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA.
Nova Scotian Institute of Natural
DCIONCESters Seco cioc nso a see cee secs Professor George Lawson ...--.---- HAMILTON, NEW YORK.
Madison), University: 2 cose e-e< S=.- RevaeAny CaWendricha se sece ces sacne
HAMPDEN SYDNEY, VIRGINIA. >: Y Nv Hampden Sydney College.-.---.-.-- HANOVER, NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Dartmouth College
HAVANA, CUBA. ‘Professor BiRoeyitiscce. 2 Sas6) be 2 HARRISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.
Medical Society of the Bue of Penn- SyaMaN ce coeceeie = crn alesis erens es State Library
HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT.
American Asylum for Deaf and
IDEN)... Sa era a eres me Historical Society of Connecticut-. - nsaneeNcyanmaaes ee ee se cee Young Men’s Institute Trinity College
HUDSON, OHIO. Western Reserve College ........-- INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA.
Indiana Historical Society
Pew
INDIANAPOLIS, IND.—Continued.
59
Indiana Institute for Blind. .--.-.- 2 Indiana Institution for Deaf and TD ural g ete aepysyeeet eee ee eee eee 1 Dries Utberticl duses = —co=eee 1 INMANSVILLE, WISCONSIN. Wisconsin Scandinavian Society -. i IOWA CITY, IOWA. Grandilodvess essen asses af Towa State University ...:-.-.--=- 21 Professor! Gp Eumrichsses-5 seeeeee 1 DT CsA aWihbey 4. eetiee eee eee 1 ITHACA, NEW YORK. CornelliColleretssasercemieceieniee 3 DrsWiesley Newcomb. ------=s-+-—= 1 Professor Goldwin Smith ........- 1 JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI. State Library -.-..-..--->-------- 1 JS) Be hackers seco as oe eee eee 1 JACKSONVILLE, ILLINOIS. Illinois Institute for Blind...--..-. 1 Illinois Institution for Deaf and Dumibi..-5-sseoscen.sceee teeta 1 JEFFERSON CITY, MISSOURI. Historical and Philosophical Society 2 KEYTESVILLE, MISSOURI. @harlesiVeatch= see eee eee eee 2 KINGSTON, CANADA. Botanical Society of Canada .-.--. 2 Queen si€ ollec cies s sere cee 1 KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE. Tennessee School for Deaf and ID mm Die ee et 2 3e a ee ee 1 LEBANON, TENNESSEE. Cumberland University..-.--.---.-- 1 LEWISBURG, PENNSYLVANIA. University - . J Sa eesease-c os == 1
LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY. Revs Wiel oltme nemae.oac= =e ele
60
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received from Burope, &ce.—Continued.
Address.
LEXINGTON, VIRGINIA.
M. F. Maury
LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS.
Arkansas Institution for Deaf and
Dumb State Library State University
ee cw wn eee eee weet meen
LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY.
LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS.
Massachusetts Society of Natural IBISIOIR Fosse socosbeceodesss sanon5
MADISON, WISCONSIN. Emigranten
Historical Society of Wisconsin -.-- State Library
Wisconsin State Agricultural Society|
Dre AaChadhbournesseeoacsse soe Mr. Hill
MIDDLETOWN, CONNECTICUT. Wesleyan University ...-----------
MILLEDGEVILLE, GEORGIA.
State Library University
MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.
Increase A. Lapham
MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA,
State Library
MONTPELIER, VERMONT.
Historical and Antiquarian Society
of Vermont State Library DrAlibertvllager 2. - eee eres
ee
MONTREAL, CANADA.
Geological Survey of Canada..---.- McGill (Colllesiecsee.. = eee eee
Montreal Historical Society. ..--.--
No. of packages.
BORE
RROROH
me & 02
Rw
Address.
MONTREAL, CANADA—Continued. »
Natural History Society Observatory 1D LOUlbnaEIS. DAS Gece esos eesoesss = Professor P. P. Carpenter Professor J. W. Dawson..--------- IProvessor Ja oberty Elum bese eee Sir William Logan
NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE.
State Enbrakygsesee= eee ee eee University of Nashville.----.-.--- Reve Bhilipaindsleyea:= esse =e
NATCHEZ, MISSISSIPPI.
William P. Miller
NEENAH, WISCONSIN. Scandinavian Library Association - NEWARK, NEW JERSEY. Historical Society of New Jersey -- NEW BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS. William Hathaway, jr-------.---- NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY.
Geological Survey of New Jersey-- Professor George H. Cooke.--.-.--
NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.
American Journal of Science and
American Oriental Society .---.-.--- Connecticut Academy of Arts and
SCLENCES -ao ee ee eee eee Newretaven Museums ssesnemene Yale College -- Professor W, P. Blake Hon. C. W. Bradley Professor W. H. Brewer.-.-: .-.-.=- iProfessol. G. J. brushes eee eee eee Professor J. D: Danae 2-2-5 2 Professor DC. Datones--- - -ss-eee Professor. uoomis) 2+ - ees Protessor C. 8. Lyman Professor ©. O:; Marsh = 22 sees Professor H. A. Newton...-...---- Dr. Shermamni- 22. =. See Professor B. Silliman Professor A. C. Twining Professor AG Eb. Verrilaeeeeee eee = Professor W. D. Whitney Professor T. D. Woolsey
No. of packages.
Ww
De Or wm
ree
ww a} ied
com §
| iS) WOOF to
—_ HOO OR
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received from Europe, &e.—Continued.
61
a So & Address. Sad Address. Az a NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA. NEW YORK, N. Y.—Continued. Citiny (CHE es ate Soe cocede dese Aase Delt Jam esnienoxsseeseeesese ee eee New Orleans Academy of Natural C.Loosey, Consul General of Austria SIOTEINGES CHL ede ootedé bobs Bopees ae ASH Drs Ba wWeelic Oradea = ctee sane University of Louisiana...---.--.-- 1 Drs Je SeNew berry esses sees ae Dra BenneuWowlerenee-is-- ss — =" ON Did GK OLINOUE Soo dose canasd emcee Dre OWNOVESaa ete teense saa neene 2 || Baron R. Osten-Sacken ..---..---- Messrs. Parker & Douglas..---.-.-- NEW YORK, NEW YORK. Brother Paulian, M anhattan College Professor’ Charles; Rau -2---------- American Bureau of Mines..------ - TL |i) Teton {Sp 18) UWE ES) = s- ssaccascooce Americam Christian! Commission! =2-|/ 16) | fh. G. Squier-22-2- .-- 2-22 2-2 <2: American Ethnological Society ---- - Hab | Teo 1s isueillene elites —oae neseoeesooc American Geographical and Sta- Professor John Dorrey------2--4- THEUKGR SOE asesou cocoes soence 30 || Prosper M. Wetmore...--.-.-..-.- American Journal of Mining..---- - AG RC Wines ae seae see one eee American Journal of Obstetrics .. - - il AMeriCcanelOSuiGMbe Hees eee as NORTHAMPTON, MASS. American Microscopical Society - - -- reali American Musoum of Natural His- Clarke Institution for Deaf and OTE ee ah PID) WU HDD 9 IDO D. Sask ocoséeuccossse cosas ASO ILM NEMA 325 Socosabsos caecos= 9 i s Central Park Observatory ..-.-.----- 2 NOTRE) DANE: TNDIANS Columbia College ..-.-.-.--..------ 2 || Sister Angela Gillespie..-...-..-.- Cooper Wastivute:s<ssccre .es5 0 a0: 2 Editor Homeopathic Sun..-...---- 1 OLATHE, KANSAS. Editor Medical Gazette ......---..- i | Herbarium of Columbia College-.-.-- 2 | Kansas Institution for Deaf and IStOniCalipSOClebys-s+ ne ses eee 7 Dumb .cs2csee22 Se oeee tees se Jnstitution for Improved Instruction TOTO Gat ance mma eee sees 2 || OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON TERRITORY. Lyceum of Natural History-..-.-..--. 82 9
Mercantile Library Association -.-.
Metropolitan Board of Health...--.
Mexican consul New York Academy of Medicine...-. New York Christian Enquirer SchoolvotiManesessss--senese aes cle
United States Sanitary Commission -|"
University IDye, ISN, IES Daa bee le aoee ceases booed Rey. Dr. PIAS VAC ese see Teta lk SAT WR A SA Dr. W. Baeck ie eee W. Bradktordese sss oe.
2 €. Ey Chandler. De 8. Cite Dr: Bee Wawasioo- Captain J. M. Dow Dr. El Dram erases. es sees cee é Rey. John P. Durbin
Henry Grinnelipaaaaseeeeee a eee ae
Dye BaHarris =. epee eae Professor Waterhouse Hawkins-.-- -
fee A ELOp Kins 02 = eres ener sed ate
ProfessoniG@s iA JO ys Asee sae ne Dri J eKam balk. 3st 2a eee ere George N. uawrence.-..2..---- raps
BellOwSkassacnse eon oe Sees
BeOS UOREEEEWOW WUE 2
State Mnbranyccsosssce sss cee case omafra, NEBRASKA.
Nebraska Institution for Deaf and Dumb
OTTAWA, CANADA. Legislative Library of Canada..-- OXFORD, OHIO.
Miami University
OXFORD, MISSISSIPPI.
University of Mississippi i. W. Hilgard
PEORIA, ILLINOIS. Dr ohevbrendelt:-<c cc ameeinee ects
PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
American Journal of Conchology- - Academy of Natural Sciences.... -
No. of packages.
Ree eR ROR Oo SER
177
62
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
Packages received from Europe, &e.—Continued.
Address.
No. of
PHILADELPHIA, PA.—Continued.
American Entomological Society- -- American Journal of Medical Sci- ence Vey eeots OA Sasa he Sie eee Piers a eee
tion American Philosophical Society ---- Board of Controllers of Public Schools CentralsbiohiSchoole- se. s scene Brankiimniinstitute..s+seeesne -aaee- Girard College Historical Society of Pennsylvania- House of Refuge Library Company Magnetic and Meteorological Ob- servatory North American Medico-Chirurgical RGWIOIW: = hee. soerecee we eincions, «estes Numismatic and Antiquarian So- clety Observ atory of Girard College Pennsylvania Institute for Blind. . Pennsylvania Institute for Deaf and Dumb Wagner Free Institute of Science... James Barclay Rev. E. R. Beadle Professor H. Bigelow orimeblodseteeessa= eee eee eee Dr. D. D. Brinton HisC i Caney iecesecciacc ss coeis oceie J. Cassin Ge Wee@ bildsheseerre eae ocae eee Dr; Baie oabes se ssoonee seceeeisse TT. A AConnadees- sees aanteeses , helene Professor E. D. Cope Professor E. T. Cresson Dr. Isaac Hays DriiGpehl orn eee eae eee eae S. P. James IDr-lsaacihedeceteans oor eess a eee Dr Jee Contes ease eee eae Professors )).pWwerdyines see eee eee ae IPROTESSOL) kes eS Oye eee eee Dri JAS Meigsne seen eee ee eens SAG Mo misesssooe cee ete eee J. Redfield IDrids Ho Moabackardyernees seas Wi SHATS W000 eee eee eee tere Georve) We ncy ons) reese eee eee Profes ssor W. Wagner Ee es oe Dr. E. Ward
PHG:NIXVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA. Charles M. Wheatley PORTLAND,
ene ec tee eee eee eee we ee
Se ee es
ee
MAINE.
City Repistrar 2. .22.,. 22. See Portland Society of Natural His- tory
wee eee cee e teem mes ce cons caaeae
packages.
9
.)
1
RR ORMBRBH CLUDWOR RP RP RH OQNWNWNWNWWRHWRRE Row FwnMm +t ww CO
30
Address.
POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW YORK.
Vassar College PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY.
College of New Jersey..---------- Alberti eBrowil ene eeeeee ProtessomAwGuyotiees sees s-e caer
PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND.
Brown University-case acesacte ees Registrar General of Rhode Island- Rhode Island Historical Society--- Johns. bartlebtincoses asesceeeece Professor Alexis Cagwell------ ---- IROMeOTE CONee seen eee eee eee ene
QUEBEC, CANADA.
aval Wniversityjess-5.7-ssos eee Literary and Historical Society - -- Observatory <2 o-eseeceeeeeice as
RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA.
North Carolina Institution for Deaf
RICHMOND, VIRGINIA
Historical Society of Virginia. -..- Stave lbibrany es: .- hes ssee see eee EE Wy 6 sej225420ecaclee eee
ROCHESTER, NEW YORK. UMiVersiby +2 .20sceee cee seecioeee = SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA.
Geological Survey of California- --. State Library
ST. ANTHONY, MINNESOTA.
University of Minnesota.-.----.---- ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.
Deutsches Institut zur Beférderung
der Wissenchaften......----=-2- Catholic Institution for Deaf and
ID eoeeoe See seeeecss sc pcoace GCityi@lerk cS. -<.. 352 eee ee Medical and Surgical Journal St. Louis Academy of Sciences ....
No. of packages.
Ww
PEW EOE >
aa So SS)
Bane i)
LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC
EXCHANGES. 63
Packages received from Europe, &e.—Continued.
Address.
ST. LOUIS, MO.—Continued.
Universitivesesese ese seco eer Ernst von Angelrodt..-----..-.---- Drs Ga baum rarbeniess sss ee -1scce Professor William Chauvenet -.---. Dr Gaeenee haan nee a ertyas cine eel Ga Ee Galleys sss .5525< eaesoe ince Maurice Schusters:ose-e--e-s= 1-1-1
ST. JOHN, NEW BRUNSWICK.
Library of Mechanics’ Institute .-... Natural History Society ..--..---..-
ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA.
Minnesota Historical Society. ..---- Do daly MGS) Se aes Rees epeoed Sopee
ST. THOMAS, WEST INDIES. IProressoniNne nsiene ee eee eee SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS.
Essex Institute............-2-.---- Peabody Academy of Science .--.--- Dia Aeise RACKAL ences cnaes ese
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.
California Academy of Natural Sci-
CII CES ae eee ene ene cis California Institution for Deaf and
{Din Oye SA Rene Ae See rs on oe JAMES POChRENSs 2 oss 4- ose eee ES Gar bloomer: sass sscccie ee eee iHennyobolanderssesek seme sea Ree Oa SO beALMS apse else SMe eee
SAVANNAH, GEORGIA. Historical Society of Georgia -- -.--
SHARON, CONNECTICUT. JOMMIGA Smiths. le see eee cee
SING SING, NEW YORK. Dr. G. J. Fisher
SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS.
Editor of Masonic Trowel Professor H. A. Worthen
ee ee eee
STAUNTON, VIRGINIA.
Virginia Institution for Deaf and Dump eee ss. S22 ee erase
No. of packages.
fot ek ek ek pe tO
68
S200 et ee
OQ
| Department of Agriculture -.----- _ Department of Education
Address.
No. of packages.
SWANTON, CANADA.
TALLADEGA, ALABAMA.
Alabama Institution for Deaf and Dumb 45508 ecco ee esas
TORONTO, CANADA. Canadian Institute.-.. ..--..--=-- Literary and Historical Society - -- Magnetic Observatory .--..-.-.-.-.- Trinity College Library ......---.. University of Canada ...--...---- TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA. Wniversity so--ssee se eee URBANA, OHIO. University of Urbana..---.-------
UTICA, NEW YORK.
American Journal of Insanity----. Colonel Es Jewett.--~ 22-222. 5 eee
VANDALIA, ILLINOIS.
Llinois Historical and Archeologi- call Sociebysasa5 os osase eee
WASHINGTON, D. C.
American Annals of the Deaf and DUMMY 452-6 oa oo eee
Bureau of Navigation .----...---- Bureaw Of Suabishics: 4-54 eee eee Census Burned eee ee eee
eS S AOWwrwrwonwe
Engineer Department....-..---..- General! Land! Office <--- 2.2222 -2-- Hospital forimsanes=- ess. eee Eloward Wmiversity 2-2-5 see Enydrooraphic) Oficen=- ss. see eee Interior Department] = 72-22 s.-)aa-= Library of Congress--..---..----- Light-House Board ....-...------- Mexicanlminister ss -s2eeee ese National Academy of Science - -... National Deaf-mute College... -.-.- NenAy IDE eran a5 cone Seeouede President of the United States .-.- Quartermaster General’s Office.--- OrdnancesBuregueees eee ease Secretary of the Navy..---..-----
>=
or See ORE ORE Oe eee
64 LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC EXCHANGES.
a
Packages received from Europe, &e.—Continued.
Address.
No. of packages.
WASHINGTON, D. C.—Continued.
Pecrotarys Oh Wako <crea- renee) lee State Depariment 5-2. ----- «c---- Surgeon General’s Office .-----.---- Survey of North American Lakes. -- Treasury Department..--.-.-.------ United States Boundary Commis-
BIOMP Ree acter e eesisiow cio eee eee United States Coast Survey..-.---- United States Naval Observatory - -.
United States Patent Office....-.... 1
Washington Publie Schools.....--. IBLOLESSORDS eb aInGue eee nee eee Surgeon General Barnes --....----- ee Barnard’ tecees sees ee oe ceee iso IM (Clb y die es 4 GaSe eee ee eo ae Proressonm He © n©oinisnes see ace Vive IEE MID illest eee eee eee Admiral sD awig 245 esses actos Drawer -pOnrimikand: sone esssoseeee WWireRerreleece. a2 seen 12 ee NVQ SH OTCO sehr oleae Sats eee as sae
barOnevOnlGeroltes--cep aero eee IBTOTESSOL Gulla see ee eee eee Drea Wiitthayden..<cscsso)ceecer DrAHayes sacle os ee somes ceeioee IBroressoOniJ ElONLYaosone 2 cee eee HOB SHOuUG ee jaosefeen stele scoee. General A. A. Humphreys..-------- INCH CODER NES gd Bl HEY ee eee ace ehinreterce tee male epee Je od Bhd eVel igi s oe epee eee ee MTN oe RT Professor .S. Newcomb ....-.....--- WSR MR Ouse case ee ee ee eee eee: ON GPA O biG ace m eee ee ciceicie eae Hon whetenbarkers-epees_ ooo. e ABS EEN) ays Ses en eee eee A CountidesRourtalessee.2= ee eee Commodore Sands=- 22-555 -2---- 25 = Joseph Saxtoninas = seeeec eee ee eee
Totaliad dresses Ob NShuGM MONS ee acy sie ee ein se isles ie eerie ee eee Total isa@aresses Orin divldnals:<-e se acces sees He On eet ee ee eee ae
Total number of paicels to institutions
Total number of parcels to individuals...-..-..-.. aiajeein scale cree = ateee Sete ee
ie)
eo.
~ WRU ER RUWTR EPR ROH WOE BWR RHE OW HHH OOWT DH BRO
aay
i ee a is
Address.
WASHINGTON, D. Cc.—Continued. Professor G. Schaeffer .......-.--- Mrs Hi sehooleratte..--ses eee CharlestASchott s-2e-se-eeeeee ee Hon, ek OPIMNe eres see eee Henry -Ulke ne Joneteccmesse tees DAs OWellsiecnicnccnienpeenee bees Lieutenant Colonel Williamson .. - 1D As En WiOwth eles Se 665555 Gece
WATERVILLE, MAINE. Waterville College -.-2...-..-..--.- WESTERVILLE, OHIO. Otterbein University ...---..----- WEST POINT, NEW YORK. United States Military Academy -.- WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA. Eastern State Lunatic Asylum....
WILMINGTON, DELAWARE.
WINDSOR, NOVA SCOTIA. Library of King’s College.-.-. aicctee WINNEBAGO, ILLINOIS.
RES: BeDD 2-62 conocer eres WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.
American Antiquarian Society-...
No. of packages.
De KOH Wwe
LIST OF METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AND OBSERVERS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION FOR THE YEAR 1870.
[B signifies Barometer ; P, Psychrometer; T, Thermometer; R, Rain-gauge; N, no instrument.]
ve
Station.
BRITISH AMERICA. Stanbridge, Quebec -....-.---.-- Acadia College, Wolfville, N.S Clifton, Ontario St. Jobn, New Brunswick Winnipeg, Manitoba.-........---
BERMUDA.
Center Signal Station, St.Geerge’s
MEXICO.
Mirador, Vera Cruz
ALABAMA,
Carlowville, Dallas Co Selma, Dallas Co Havana, Hale Co Coatopa, Sumter Co.........--.. Wear Elyton, Jefferson Co Mobile, Mobile Co Greene Springs School, Hale Co. - Fish River, Baldwin Co
ARKANSAS.
pact) Springs, Hempstead Co. ayetteville, Washington Co. ... elena, Phillips (i) ee ane onaenes
CALIFORNIA.
pVisalian Mitare: CO-. sete sct - Monterey, Monterey Co Chico, Butte Co Watsonville, Santa Cruz Co Clayton, Contra Costa Co Benicia, Solano Co .......-...... Indian Valley, Plumas Co Vacaville, Solano Co Cahto, Mendocino Co
COLORADO.
Denver, Arapahoe Co
CONNECTICUT.
Ncerth Greenwich, Fairfield Co -- Southington, Hartford Co....... Middletown, Middlesex Co Colebrook, Litchfield Co Brookfield, Fairfield Co Columbia, Tolland Co
DELAWARE,
Dover kent Co. sess seme ee Maltord) Kent Co. 3 -25).sccscseeu
FLORIDA.
White Spring, Hamilton Co St. Augustine, St. John’s Co
58
seeee
Name of observer.
Gilmour, A. H. J Higgins, Prof. D. F Jones, W. Martin Murdock, G Stewart, James
Royal Engineers, (in the Royal Gazette. y
Alison, H. L., M.D
Fahs, C. F., M.D Jennings, s. AK Jennings, S. K., M.D. Shields, Miss EH. B Taylor, L. B Tutwiler, H Vankirk, W. J
Bishop, H McClung, C. L
Blake, J. W Canfield, CaAS Cheney, W.F. fe Compton, A. J.. McClung, C. L Naval Hospital Pulsifer, Mary E Simmons, Prof. J. C- Thornton, Dr. W. W .---
Alcott, William P Andrews, L Johnston, John Rockwell, Charlotte ... Roe, Rey. 8. W Yeomans, W. G@
Bateman, J. H Phillipps, Mrs. W. R-.--
Adams: Wis: sates ce si Atwood, G. W
Byers, W.W.&S.T.Sopris
D Soo -
S ers |
sé ree 2)
5) 2 o
4 E cs fo} / ” (o) ut Feet. 45 08 73 222 45 06 64 25 80 “45 16 42 |66 345 | 135, 49 52 97 650 sleek Ree rae, Ml Us phe NEEM, EB 19 15 96 25 3, 600 32 10 87 15 300 32 30 87 10 236 32 30 87 41 500 nee 1681200 balun 14 32 50 87 46 500 34 OS GLY pew olen 36 2 94 10 1, 350 34 3252 | 90.08 46. |..-... 36 35 119 17 Lae 36 121 52 34 39 44 45 121 44 37 150 YSTLGT Ty Marti (Ace st 45 37 56 121 40 16 380619 [1221519 2,954 Bee AST. Mp aE RT RB 3, 280 38 2121 121 58 23 175 40 125 1, 500 39 47 105 05 5, 350 41 530 | 73 41 40 300 diane | | 72:39) aalie 205° 42 73) 1, 210 42 Q7 73 33 100 41 40 12; doe = iene 39 10 "75 GON meee 38 55 TORSO Ry Atel sence: RR 1 al i 10.
Instruments.
BPTR
IB PR
No. months received.
12
12
66
METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AND OBSERVERS.
List of meteorological stations and observers, §'c., for the year 1870—Continued.
Station.
FiLorma—Cont’d. Jacksonville, Duval Co ..--..--- Ocala, Marion Cort. 22. <2. -—- Newport, Wakulla Co...--..-.--.- Twelve miles north of Mosquito
Inlet, Volusia Co. Orange Grove, Manatee Co..-..- Manatee, Manatee Co Port Orange, Volusia Co Biscayne, Dade Co Chattahoochee Arsenal,Gadsden Co. Pilatka, Putnam Co:-----e--2e- -
GEORGIA.
St. Mary’s, Camden Co Near Quitman, Brooks Co Atlanta, Fulton Co Columbus, Muscogee Co...-.---. St. Mary’s, Camden Co .....-..--. Berne, Camden'Co........---.-.- Penfield, Greene Co
ILLINOIS.
Elmore, Peoria Co..-........-.-. Pleasant Ridge, Bureau Co..-.-..- Sandwich, De Kalb Co....-.--..- mimiras Starki@os 52-5. -cee- see. Andalusia, Rock Island Co...... IRCOTIAwE Ora CO asa e soccer e Springfield, Sangamon Co -.-.---. @hicaroWooki@o0=-).- 2-0. sesiee o- PANGON CONC OS ees oe eco: Louisville; Clay Co:.-.2.-2-:---- iHavana,Mason! Cons. ccseee esse Decatur, Macon Co-----.--..+--- Mount Sterling, Brown Co Golconda, Pope Co Pana, Christian Co--.22. 526 25h. Near South Pass, Union Co..--.- Charleston, Coles Co.....-...-..- Manchester, Scott Co..........-.- Wapella, De Witt Co....--.-...- Quincy, Adams Co. ...-..2--.-. Mattoon.'Coles Co. =. - 22 322-22. Marengo, McHenry Co.......--. Waterloo, Monroe Co....-.--...- Chicago;'Cook'@o-2 =. 220225 35.5 Galesburg, Knox Co Evanston, Cook Co Augusta, Hancock Co......-..-- Ottawa, a Salle Co:.:...2-2.--6 Belvidere, Boone Co..-.--------: Hennepin, Putnam Co Oquawka, Henderson Co .-..-.--- Near Wyanet, Bureau Co
‘Aurora, Kane! Coesecneeseeeciee
Dubois, Washington Co.-.-.----- Effingham, Effingham Co.-...... Winnebago, Winnebago Ce..-.--- Warsaw, Hancock Co
INDIANA.
Near Laporte, Laporte Co...-..- Mount Carmel, Franklin Co..--.
Vevay, Switzerland Co........-. New Harmony, Posey Co.--...... Laconia, Harrison Co Spiceland, Henry Co
: % an ae Name of observer. at Qe 5 2p ° > A 2 oO UA el H fo) f Baldwin, A. S., M. D.-.--.| 30 15 82 Barker; Wiseseeeceeee ool eeeaes cece |] secrcsiste ceil aamietre Beecher, Rev. C..------- S050 Spr oes esse A Chamberlain tS Ny senses | teee oo weiacel| see es ae cic ot e Clarke, W. discs. sesecnn 27 28 82 35 Coachman BAS -e ee 27 30 82 45 awiks, Mrs Sabre ae says acts e oom r= | ceerseyatasieeicll eaeisins tant, We He See 25 45 80 16 Var tiny Vi Sess ememeere 30 48 84 43 Robinson, Gen’l G. D....| 29 36 81 37 Barker ies-ssccee eee 30 40 23 81 26 20 Cattery Johniiessess eee 30 45 83 30 30 Deckner, F., and son .--.| 33 45 84 Ho carty, INiei eee cetera eects sane eee cielee corer |eeereree Hill yersHe eseeee sere: 30 50 81 40 AG GUNG Ys) oe) o lope Bye ema cor tas 1 cea etree fe Pele ie ret fol (Eats Se Santord, S-Beeseceeteesloenecae ses 2 | Ssaeeeeaceeelesee ee Aas. Wie ETP ey sees aT ae eee Bet cnet re eee eee he Aldrich; Viernysseseee ee 41 15 89 15 ‘Ballon ANGk ees ce wee ae 41 31 88 30 Blanchard, 0. A -.2..-.2- 41 12 90 15 Bowman, H. H., M.D.--..| 41 25 90 46 Brondelak = sec es 40 43 89 30 Brinkerhoff, G. W-.------ 39 48 89 33 Brookes; Sitte=- + eeere eee 42 87 Carey, Daniel 2-2-2: 41 45 89 Chase, D. H., M: D..----- 38. 40 88 3 Cochrane disease eee 40 20 89 50 DudleyAWe asec 39 40 89 10 Duncan, Rev. A.......-.] 40 91 15 Hildredge, W. Vi.-2----=-- 37 41 88 46 Binley. MD ieee 39 24 21 89 6 MreemantHaC = osrec ued eeocees aeecee oem ete ee eae Gramesly;/Cise-ee-5sce | 39 31 88 14 Grant, J. and C. W..---- 39 33 90 14 Grote i Louise iss. o22 40 11 89 07 Hearne sh += sssecce Ss. 39 54 91 26 Ienry a WinHsscsee sas = se 39 29 10.5 | 45 20 James. Wiest sence se 42 13 88 31 JOZeLetC.. MED) eee 38 30 90 30 Ganpewth db Geese aoe 42 87 30 Livingston, Prof. W..--- 40 55 90 25 Marcy, Prof. Oliver ....- 42 1 87 38 MeadiS' Bi 2:2. sue s8 eee 40 10 91 Merwin, Mrs. E. H ..-..-. 41 20 88 47 IMOSSGeIB ss 2ueee occas oe 42 15 88 47 OsbornV ING wae eisse-cee 41 30 89 20 Patterson sen sos tee 41 8 *| 90 30 Phelps, E. 8. and Miss | 41 30 89 45 L. E. Spaulding, A. and Mrs, | 41 45 88 22 Spencer, W.iC..2222 2.55 38 14 89 16 Thompson, W., M.D -...| 39 3 88 5 Tolman, J. W. and Miss.} 42 17 89 12 Whitaker, -B---2+-..---- 40 20 91 31 SAN GTO Wie Ge. ss-s6 4 ce cclllawneaemesaec|siscwc cs cemice Applegate, J. A., and | 39 22 84 51 daughter. BoerneriG@:G {22 o-55 35 38 46 84 59 Chappelsmith, J .....--. 38 08 87 50 Crosier yA | S28 ieee 37 47 85 50 Dawson, W ..-22.2--...- 39 48 85 18
a] mn a eg — \eF ey ee 77) a2 a iA BPTR| 12 T " PTR] 8 TR 5 TAR | eso) TR 9 LT 1) TR 1 TR 6 PTR| 11 TR 8 TR 1 TR 8 TR 1 TR 3 TR 9 TR | 12 R ce T % BPTR 4 TR 3 Boe | i BPTR| 12 T 8 T 12 ay 9 TR | 12 TR 4 ieee 12 TR | 12 TR 9 TR | 12 T 2 TR 9 BPTR 12 N 1 TR 8 TR | 12 TR 12 T 3 BPETR 12 BPTR| 12 BTR} 12 PTR| 12 TR ii? TR | 12 T 12 TR 6 T oan BTR| 12 TR | 12 TR 1 BTR| 12 TR | 11 TR | 12 TR | 12 BPTR] 12 BPTR 12 TR | 12 BTR! 12
METEOROLOGICAL
”
STATIONS AND OBSERVERS.
List of meteorological stations and observers, §-c., for the year 1870—Continued.
fo) =]
Station.
Name of observer:
Typrana—Continued.
Knightstown, Rush Co..-------- Merom, Sullivan Co Muncie, Delaware Co Rensselaer, viasper COs--e5 sce: Columbia City, Whitley Co---.--- Merom, Sullivan Co La Fayette, Tippecanoe Co Fort Wayne, Allen Co Kentland, Newton Co Aurora, Dearborn Co.-.--------- Harveysburg, Fountain Co Annapolis, Park Co Indianapolis, Marion Co..-.-----
IOWA.
Boonesborough, Boone Co Vawter’s Grove, Adair Co Mount Vernon, Linn Co Webster City, Hamilton Co Guttenberg, Clayton Co Near Algona, Kossuth Co Near Newton, Jasper Co Clinton, Clinton Co Waukon, Iowa Co Dubuque, Dubuque Co----.-.----- West Union, Fayette Co Near Fort Madison, Lee Co..---- Grant City, Sac Co Monticello, Jones Co mac Cibysac. Colsess5-44--552-- Towa City, Johnson Co Waterloo, Black Hawk Co Harris Grove, Harrison Co Near Rolfe, Pocahontas Co ‘Mineral Ridge, Boone Co.....--- Spring Grove, Hardin Co The Woodlands, Floyd Co. .-..-- Muscatine, Muscatine Co Independence, Buchanan Co
fees Independence, Buchanan
10.
Whitesboro, Harrison Co Algona, Kossuth Co..-.--:------ Bowen's Prairie, Jones Co..-...-
KANSAS.
Olathe, Johnson Co-..-.-...-...--- Near Ames; Story Co.....------- Williamstown, Jefferson Co..---
Burlington, Coffey Co Crawfordsville, Coamfotd Co.
Neosho Falls, Woodson Co.....- Atchison, Atchison Co
Baxter Springs, Cherokee Co. - Douglass, Butler Co Manhattan, miley, Costs seteiee4 Near Leroy, Wofleyi Conese ase: Lawrence, Douglass Co Leavy enworth, Leavenworth Co..- Paola, Miami C Holton, Jackson Co............-.
KENTUCKY.
Danville, Boyle Co Louisville, Jefferson Co..--...-.
Kemper, G. W. H., M. D Loughridge, J. H., M. D McCoy, Dr. F. and Miss. McHenry, B. F Newton, J. W Robertson, R.S Spitier, D Sutton, G@
Woolen, Dr. G. V., and others.
Babcock, E Bryant, Mrs. J. A Collimperon As else Croft, Clayton E_+22.22 Dickenson, J. P Donwellerwiksessocseeees
inancoek Bevis ase Horr, Asa, M. D McClintoek, F McCready, D Miller, E.and R...-.-..--- Moulton, M. M Nelsons DBs sseeenee. Parvin, Prof. T.S Steed, T
Strong, Oscar E---- 2225-2 Sullivan, Z. T Townsend, N
and M.E.
Witter, D. K. Warren, J. H Woodworth, $
Beckwith, W Cotton, J. M Cotton, J. M., and E. Adams. @roeker VAs a aenesesacee SY Dewrinie) si 2 oe eee ose ered Groesbeck, Mrs. E. W-.-.- Horn, Dr. H. B. and Miss C. -| Ingraham and Hyland .. Lamb, Dr. W. M Mudge, Prof. B. F...---- Shoemaker, J. G Snoweeerott Hess eee es Stayman; Dr. Ji.------- << Walrad, L. D Walters, Dr. J Woodworth, Ao eee
Beatty, O Blackburn, Dr. C. B Martin, Dr. $8. D Shriver, Young, Mrs. L
50
et |
Bg :
el pele |
2s at =
oO R | El) 48 toh Feet.
85 24 800 |IBPTR S40 Pinikeee es AW ke, 85, 16. 4 yee eee TR 87 13 725 AT BosOe 2. Pee ASE “Ua BIC 40) ah lee TR: See See eee iBeIGR 85 800 TR 87 12 725 “eR: -84 54 509 |BP TR See4 ON. alee ace SU Tee aece aes eee ease SRE 87 6 698 |BP TRI 93 14 1, 160 EVR, 94 30 1,500| TR 91305 Wo leeeaee T G4 nae eee ay 90 50 690 Av 94 26 1,500; 7 Qa ne eee oR 90 10 630 TR espe Serie ou Gee Rg 90 39 51 666 |BP TR 91 50 1,300 | BTR OT 28y i Ieee CAR (ty RISC teal lecamete RR 91 15 800+ TR 95 900 TR 913010 pesca BiPeER 92°30) 9 5 BIE Sse Ae 95 928 TR 94 34 1, 000 TRaR 93 40 1, 200 TR 93h 205. Ti lesenss MES OS Be Pye Seas Tv 91 02 582 | BTR $2 06 940 | BTR 9150: 08) 255522 TOR 95°40... uiSseees 4 ae EY I Us YR aN fel atts T be ae We ee 800 | BIR 94°30) 1 acl RY 93 30 790 TR 95; 30F ) eee TR 95 27 825 R 94°85) 1 fase eR Sails os secs Gaaees TR, 95 1,000! TR CL UCT is men ‘isecoes TR O03... » 45a Bwaee 96 40 1,300; BTR OF QT39) flees BTR 95 15 850 |BP TR 94 33 787 dae, 95»30).) | ineeeaae OES 95 10 1, 172 Av 96.30% » eohSssa5 TER: 84 30 900| BTR Spee wees Uli ess BEER: = ates rate ads 978 |BP TR 84 30 900 |BPTR 85 24 13 570 (BP TR
months
No.
received,
3)
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68
METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AND OBSERVERS.
List of meteorological stations and observers, §¢., for the year 1870—Continued.
Station.
LOUISIANA.
Anchorage Plantat’n, Bossier Par Ponchatoula, Tangipahoa Par .
New Orleans, Orleans, Pars... - Cheneyville, Rapides Par ..-.---
MAINE.
Houlton, Aroostook Co...-.--.-- Orono, Penobscot Co Gardiner, Kennebec Co Cornish, York Co Lisbon, Androscoggin Co Standish, Cumberland Co. ------- Steuben, Washington Co...-..--- | Mount Desert, Hancock Co Williamsburg, Piscataquis Co. -- OxtordiOxtord! Col. 222-4. 2-- = Surry, tlancocksi Cor: --¢ 3-252. 3- | Cornish, York Co West Waterville, Kennebec Co. .
MARYLAND.
Fallston, Harford Co Annapolis, Anne Arundel Co ... Frederick, Frederick Co Emmittsburg, Frederick Co Woodlawn, Cecil Co St. Mary’s City, St. Mary’s Co
Woodstock College, Baltimore Co
MASSACHUSETTS.
Boston, Suffolk Co .--..--.------ Richmond, Berkshire Co West Newton, Middlesex Co.... Newbury, Essex Co Lunenbur gz, Worcester Co Hinsdale, Berkshire Co Worcester, Worcester Co Lawrence, Essex Co Williamstown, Berkshire Co.--. Topsfield, Essex Co Mendon, Worcester Co
N. Billerica, Middlesex Co..-..-.-- Georgetown, Hssex (Cow - 2 ecee =) Cambridge, Middlesex Co....-.. Kingstown, Plymouth Co....... New Bedford, Bristol Gooey Amherst, Hampshire Comzeaae-* Milton, Norfolk Co.....-.------- MICHIGAN, Litchfield, Litchfield Co......-- Otsego, Allegan Co...-.-----.--- Ontonagon, Ontonagon Co.....-- Adrian, Lenawee ‘Co Wse oe gee Detroit, WiarymlelC OF eee at sint © Grand Rapids, Kent Co......--- Macon, Lenawee Co.....-------- Lansing, Ingham Co..-.---..---- Q@livet, Maton Cor. eae. seeeaere Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co..-.--.-
Pleasanton, Manistee Co Muskegon, Muskegon Co Alpena, Alpena Co Northport, Leelenaw Co Coldwater, Branch Co Homestead, Benzie Co Grand Rapids, Kent Co Monroe, Monroe Co Central Mine, Keweenaw Co..-.- Benzonia, Benzie Co Ann Arbor, Washtenaw Co
No. months received,
|
it
& = g 2 cy ae 5 Name of observer. ay as = |
~ = 0 ~
are ot 3 @
A = mo] 4
lo} / a io) / “ Feet.
Cartento ble eee 32 30 9345 0° RaBreeri ky OCollins WHS Cree eee as 30 30 90:20... \aiReaeee iBaL Hoste sp task vy tae eal see ee cctaraa lala oie tralia eer BTR Sackson, Ws) 2252 -—- <6 3l 92120), (eae ae Hernald) Curb tecccas ae 46 07 67 49 24 470| TR Hernald: MiGs 2. -- on 44 53 10 68 38 57 134 |BPTR Gardiner Robes 44 0 55 6945.50) |p eoee- BPTR GaptilinG-sWeeseee ase 43 40 70 44 800} TR IMOQre vASAGe Ss cus. seen 44 70 4 130 TR Moulton, Ji) <2. -20.22- 43 45 70 30 280) TR Parker dee ec sose secs 44 3h Qh 67 37 34 BU) ee Oi a gry a A510 Bape aero Nats saere lssosmdao ocala =fes— AIR Pitman, Edwin...------- 45 Qh 69 ees Soe AMAR Smibh Vee) 222. as esa see 44 08 20) SS ya eee TR Tripp, Oscar H:.-2..---. 44 30 68 30 50} TR Wiest Silas 22-2 Se eee 43 33 70 50 i384] BYR Wilbur, Benjamin fF . 44 30 69) 46-79 iisess TR CurtisiG.(Gaeosesescscee SODSORY Tiniereeccceces 300} TR Goodman, W.R.......-- 38 58 76 29 20 |IBPTR Mianishe wba Kee eee 39 24 Te 26130) aloes Bam Jourdan, Prof. C.H ...-- 39 40 0, A ere cee BE TR McCor mick, HBO eeeoees 39 38 2G. OHS yi. Cee BTR Stephenson, Rev. J...... 38 10 76 30 45); TR Valentine, (A. XS... ssa: 39 55 76 52 400} TR Appleton, F. H..... -... 42 20 tb she Pa seees Tr BACON Wie seemseeie nee 42 23 73 20 1,000 | TR 1sip-|oy ad ade hese cecemsocor 42 21 71 17 504] TR Caldwell, JeHEe 222 a. a= 42 45 70 55 25 Je Cunningham, Geo. A....| 42 35 71 43 450 | BTR Dewhurst, Rev. E..--.-- 43 27 i i ae ie (ret BTR Draper, J., M.D-......--- 421617 | 71 48 13 528 |BPT RI Hallowe So3 os acenesaee 42 42 13 anos. 143 |BPTR Hopkins: Prot AS. =. =5- 42 42 37 70 42 42 686 | BTR MerrionmyS)cAct S.-i). s. <2: 42 38 TOMS ee) eee BPTR Metealf, af. Gis S|) 42) 6223 Was Bete, Wee See BTR Nason, Mews... ses 4235 9 LOV1G WSO ee 154 ly Nelson, SiveWitor see Shoace 42 42 (A eseese TR Perry, Rev. Jno. B...... 42 20 7 11 | vr | Newcomb, G.S....-...-. 42 70. 45, 60); TR Rodman sie csn-seecue ee 41 39 70 56 90 |BPTR Snell Brot Ss se s-ece- 42 22.17 72 34 30 267 |BP TR Teele, Rev. Ai. IK .3.-.-.- 42 14 37 Gh: (62 HS} BR Bollard seh =s sscisscesce- 42 84 46 1,040; BTR Chase, Vi.) Ma 3252 2 Se ees ee, ce re ee eee di Ellis, Edwin, M. D...-.. 46 52 89 30 620 dh Helme, Miss L. May. .--- 41 57 83 57 1,240; TR Higgins, MB Westone 42 20 EREUBY yo Vines TR Holmes, Dr. E. S..-.----- 43 85 40 780 uu LOM GLEAD fe oa nae | Seen eee en elyes ee aeaa seks aoeee DR Kedzie we roroR. ©: 2h23..4) ess sees se ao eee eos BPTR iRenip. BrotyAc hy pe. 46 26 84 94 968 | BTR Manes! ein bo) <2 5 eo <telecewie cs so spaemmoeoeomna| ss eee N Mil ard, AGES BS 2 44 25 86 10 750| TR Pattison, 15 By ae |e ec | Oe ee eel mre ..| BIR Paxton, ANE gee seen 45 02 83 05 574 | BTR Smith, Rev. G. N...----- 45 08 85 4 SOT PUR Sombbworth. aN. iss nome eect a onto open pee eas Steele, Rev. G. N..----.- 44 35 86/30 > 2 eee ee | Streng, Jip 18 CPs esese| thos cre sel eee eee eee TR Whelpley, Miss F. E....} 41 58 83 23 590} TR Whittlesey, S. H..--...- 47 87 54 aes AER WalSengiis-2 22-222 ses 44 31 86 620 TS Winchell, Mrs. N. H....| 42 16 83 44 8401 FR
METEOROLOGICAL
STATIONS AND OBSERVERS.
List of meteorological stations and observers, §c., for the year 1870—Continned.
Station.
MINNESOTA.
Afton, Washington Co Minneapolis, Hennepin Co Madelia, Watonwan Co St. Paul, Ramsey Co White Earth Reservation, Beck- er Co. New Ulm, Brown Co Litchfield, Meeker Co Beaver Bay, Lake Co Sibley, Sibley Co Koniska, McLeod Co
MISSISSIPPI,
Early Grove, Marshall Co Philadelphia, Neshoba Co Near Holly Springs, Marshall Co. Marion, Lauderdale Co Clinton, Hinds Co Near Brookhaven, Lawrence Co. Columbus, Lowndes Co Natchez, Adams Co Brookhaven, Lawrence Co Grenada, Yalabusha Co Grenada, Yalabusha Co Fellowship, Jasper Co
MISSOURI.
St. Joseph, Buchanan Co Harrisonville, Cass Co Jefferson City, Cole Co Allentown, St. Louis Co Warrensburg, Johnson Co Oregon, Holt Co Cave Spring Academy, Greene Co Corning, Holt Co Bolivar, Polk Co Rolla, Phelps Co Kansas City, Jackson Co Hematite, Jefferson Co St. Louis, St. Louis Co
MONTANA. Missoula, Missoula Co Deer Lodge City, Deer Lodge Co.
NEBRASKA.
Richland, Washington Co Near Bellevue, Sarpy Co.-.-..--- Lincoln, Lancaster Co Blackbird Hills, Burt Co Nebraska City, Otoe Co
De Soto, Washington Co Newcastle, Dixon Co
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Tamworth, Carroll Co StratfordsCoos Comes. s- ==). 8 Dunbarton, Merrimack Co Salisbury, Merrimack Co._._...- South Antrim, Hillsboro Co Whitefield, Coos Co Shelburne, Coos Co .----.-.-:-.. Concord, Merrimack Co....+....
NEW JERSEY.
Chester Township, Burlington Co Haddonfield, Camden Co
o> ites)
Name of observer.
Babcock, Dr.& Mrs. B.F. Cheney, Wm Murphy, W. W Paterson, Rev. A. B Pyle, Dr. D
Roosi@haseerces- sie Wadsworth, H. L Wieland, C Woodbury, C.W. & C. E. Young, T. M
Abernethy, W. M Bowden, L. A Coleman, T. B Florer, T. W., M. D Jackson, R.S Keenan, Miss W. E. A -- Lull, Jas.5
Payne, J. alone ees Ringgold, R.S., M.D---. Robinson, Rev. E.S
Bullard, Rev. H Christian, John De Wyl, N Fendler, Aug Hall, S. K Kaucher, Wm McCord, R. H Martin, Horace Race, Jas. A Lateral (Cg ee Beseec Salisbury, S. W Smith, John M
Stuntebeck, Rev. F. H --| ¢
Reinhard, J. P., and J. M. Menesinger. Stuart, Granville
Bowen, John § Caldwell, Mrs. E. E . -.-- Goodrich iG. Aves =<c. Hamilton, Rev. W Pettenger, J. M., and P. Zahner. Seltz: Chase cue es-= vem Smith, L. 7
Brewster, Alfred..-...--- Brown, Branch Colby, Alfred Couch, E. D Hurkin, Rev. W Kidder, L. D
Beans, Thomas J Boadle, J., and J. L. Lip- pincott.
(8 a 2 ae) 3 = 2. a. é < = 4 cI Ss me Sp & i) ° 5) D A = ss | (eo) f ut oO / “ Feet. 44 50 93 950 EDR 44 48 93 10 856 |IBP TR 44 94.3000 ee eete TR 44 54 46 94 4 54 800 PRR: 47 50 ann ae | pes ere ‘AY 44 46 94 26 821 AIR 45 12 OA Mitosis TR 47 12 96 19 657 Whats 44 31 OA ORT) eink ee Awe 45 10 G45 20h i! Miners TR 35 90 434 Ey 32 45 89 15 550 TR AAO et |S asses eels eee BEL Ss 32 25 88 05 83 TR EY BEE Al Es Ge Beer ie se ae BTR 31 34 90146) ) ess eR; 35 30 88 29 OO ees thy 31 34 91,2442) | sees Baer 31 37 90 15 430 Mb ee 33 45 GG eve), | Missaeee TR 33 45 SOL LF) ye ieessee MLS Fey Be 85 285 |BP TR 39 45 QA SSt oP alleesee aes ARAM BoE Allae ee eee Or toSS eR 38 20 92 650 BT 38 29 90 45 482 IBP TR 38 45 93 40 600 B 39 58 40 95 10 1,100 |BPTR 37 30 93430) 7 jesse [LGR 40 20 95:30), > eakeze aR 37 30 93 20 1, 000 TER: 37. 38 Siac) eee ERR 39 5 94 40 710 By b 38 11 90 37 475 MibY Es, 38 37 28 90 15 470 |BP TR 4G 45 113 45 3,900| T 46 40 112 40 4, 240 TER 41 22 96 12 1, 350 ke Al 68 95) 460 oP Eee tod 40 55 96 52 1, 647 1 a 54 2 10 QGP et ewer PR 40 42 95 45 1 O25 T 41 59 96 975 EAR 43 (07/0. | ne be ee aR 48 48 M0 1850 hee TR 44 40 71 07 1, 000 ‘eR 43 06 1) 35 730 DR 43 23 71 20 500 T 2 ee BREE ice cnet coe WN 44 20 Tilo esse TR 44 23 Ths 700 BY 43 12 71 29 530 TS 39 59 sy: hn es TR ee Se eee ee \eeeweee coces|kisetics PLE
No. months received,
|
bo
et be Re OOO RAR
—
—
hte om WW WWSW
fed pe fed
ae
mB 0D WR Ww WO
70 METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AND OBSERVERS.
List of meteorological stations and observers, §:¢., for the year 1870—Continued.
iB Ey eis ; = a g (Sg : Ts 29 . S| BS Station. Name of observer. as eS = 5 a3 rs 42 Bi) is} aS) A © i) 2 oe} A Ee eS ees Nrw Jersey—Cont’d. | ° / uM ie} / ur Feet Paterson, Passaic Co ....-..-... Brooks, William ~-..!-:: 40 55 74 10 60 |-TR 12 South Orange, Essex Co..--....-- Chandler, W.J., M.D-. A AQSAASO \ {1's 2 oa aed Je eee PER 4 Prenton, Mercer'Co _.-..-5..--- Cooks Rit eee ease 40 14 74 46 30 60) BE} Newfield, Gloucester Co ....-..-- Gouch ih. Deee-eeeere-os 39 30 74 50 180 Ab 7 iesser Cross Roads. somerset Co| Mlemine id) 2st ee otee a= ee -mieelioae secon ee eefeeeeee Ay 8 Newuprunswick wuddlesex: Cos:| Hasbrouck isha sess lbs cece essen oomece ese leseooe IRE Ra es Vineland, Cumberland Co ...--- TD OTA eli Were ee ners SEE See ee ee BPTR| 12 Camden, Camden Co.-..---...--- Martindale thx @ eck we ae nes Cre ey 2 ie ail eee N 2 New Germantown, HunterdonCo) Noll, A. B..--.-...-..-.- 42 4) AAS poo WADE BD Rea } Rio Grande, Cape May Co ....-. Palmer, Mrs: Je -- =. 39 16 £4242) > 9 etl) oes TR 12 . Greenwich, Cumberland Co..--. Sheppard, Miss R. C ....} 39 20 75 25 30) Bee eee ‘ Newark, Essex Co.....-.--..... Whitehead, W. A.....-.- 40 45 74 10 30|/ BIR) 12 | NEW YORK. Ardenia, Philipstown,Putnam Co] Arden, T. B.......-..---. 49 20 22 713 53 22 180:| LR 12 IVT Aaa RV OSs SS aces ooumeasooe iBakersG nD eeceet cee 49°30)". lesb esc tuece 868) TR 12 South Trenton, Oneida Co ..---- Barrows, Captain S ..... 43 10 74 56 o | Sab) |e 12 Palermo, Oswego Co....--.-.---- Bartlett, E. B..--.--..-.- 43 26 77 26 Sot) Ra 1t | Minaville, Montgomery Co..--... Bussing, J. Wrsaa=-ige oe 42 54 ASL) ee pleas TR 12 . Lockport, "Niagara Coe career cee Clarky BOW se-teeessace 43 9 TOES =F sa Si eerieyae TR Zl | Fort Edward, Washington Gores |(CooleyProtids ee-eeee 43 13 TBvAD = Aen eee Bet 5 Little Genesee, Allegany Porssas Edwards, Deere ener 42 015 78 20 1,500| BTR| 12 Rochester, Monroe Co........--- Fiske, W. M.L., M.D-_..] 43 8 77 51 529 | BTR 2 Bannerville, Schoharie Co....-.. MTrAnees Gas. e eee se cae AD 3S") ees eheeece se Ay || Ses 4 Newburgh, Orange Con Srace sete Gardiner, Ji 22s eee 4¥ 30 53 ae: 96) SBR eae Depanville, Jefferson Co .-.----- Tole Is bee oe Seoeea ee 44 10 a S 350 | TR 12 Hudson, Columbia Comores Hachenberg, G.P., M.D) 42 14 R346 coi tieaee es PTR 1 Near Kingston, on the Hudson, | Hendricks, D. B....-...- 41 50 74.2 150. | TER 12 Ulster Co. INaCHOIS | iO G8 COc a. ateyteleeaicels HrOWwell Rocce cee eeeeseee 42 6) 924) We nee iu 12 North Ar oyle, Washington Co -.| Hunt, G.W ..--.-------- 43 18 72 29 290 | BTR I South Har riford, Washington Co.| Ingalsbe, G. M ...-.----- 43 18 4 783, BIE 33 400 | TR 12 Bufialo, Erie Goma k eat weed IVES Wines oe Kee eer eee 42 50 78 56 600 | BTR] 12 Newark V alley, Tioga Co-_.....- UohnsonwRevas Wiese lee eee een oes | aera esas oe eee LEO ie New York, New Work Cosses Joy, broti@: Acecce-ses- 4) 43 MAD 100 | BER ERI Ts Cooperstown, Otsego Co -2-- =... Keese, G. Pomeroy --.--- 42 50 74 54 t,200 | TR 12 Platbash) Kanes C6 22) 55.0---5-- Macie,Deeceenee eres 40 37 17 Te Ul BB} 547 Bevan melee: Brooklyn, Kings Cote eas AV EEN NCS ds Shas sas ee 40 40 73:56 1950 Baer az Oswego, Oswego Co ...---.------ Malcolm sWisicceaeseeee 43 28 76 30 250 | BR |) az New York, New York Co . een Marsh, Mrs. M. M .-....- 4) 42 74 1 8 2). |B TR 6 Rochester, Monroe Co...-.-.-..--- Mathews, H. W .-----:-- 43 8 77 SL O20) |B PAR 8s Brooklyn, "Kings Conreeeeeeeens IMG eer SS esoccaase-eom he eee cee. 5|-meee See eee eae e R 1 Leyden, Lewis oad Rone eee Merniam CO 22-2. =< 43 32 30 Dae eles BTR 6 Far mingdale, Queens Coy eee -- Merritt, John C.......-.- 40 40 40 73 30 102 N 1h Throg’s Nec k, Westchester Co..| Morris, Miss E...--...-- 40 49 15 73 48 45 434 oT 12 New York, New York Co....--. Morris eromOnWieeseee 40 50 25 73 56 3 165 |BP TR) 12 New Yor k, New York Co....... Naval Hospital -...-.--- 40 41 3) 74 2 56 Bur RA ae Central Park, New York Co...-. Observatoryees 2s ee- 40 45 58 73 57 58 S70 Ries eas North Volney, Oswego Co ....-- Partrick Skule stocks oe seme eee all Quen ee ee eee ap 12 Sloansville, Schoharie Co.....-.. iRottersG. Wiese oe eeeee 42 41 4S) ae aes iipigs 1 Gouverneur, St. Lawrence Co ...| Russell, C. H..-..------- 44 19 15:20) San (ae ceor: BEER | at Brookhaven, Sufiolk Co -....---- Smith, E. <A., and | 40 49 72 36 Pe bak 12 daughters. Cazenovia, Madison Co.....-.---- Soule, Prof. W -...-..-.. 42 55 75 46 260) ae 12 Oneida, Madison Co......--.---. Spooner UTriSsson- see eee 43. 4 75 50 500 | TR 12 Caldwell, Warren Co....-..,---- SLOWS FACPME © See eee cee 43 24 72 46 300 |BPTR 2 Luzerne, “Warren Co ....-------- ororre, AGL. o See be ec Se [seeeen sce eee seee eee neem BPA Az Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, | Swallow, Miss.-.-.-.-..- 41 40 50 ADM GV SBY Woe BTR 2 Dutchess Co. Waterburgh, Tompkins Co ..-.. Mrowbridge;, D>: 5. =... 42 30 77 15 800 | TR 11 ies Oneida Coston eee eee Williams, “J. Gilbert... -. 43 10 74 57 5185 ir 12 White Plains, Westchester Co.-| Willis, O. R., and | 41 5 73 40 273 f ty 12 daughters. ; North Hammond,St.Lawrence Co Wooste AG WAGER Rete wae 44 30 (sak: Wd om ee Bea Le Houseville, Lewis Co...........- Yale, Walter D ......... 43 40 Rowe. © ihe tae ER 10 NORTH CAROLINA. Statesville, Iredell Co.--.....:.. PAWSON Gt i> shemce a seee 35 36 80°30; | }ageaee TR 12 Asheville, Buncombe Co....-.-..- PASTOR OW intdice erick ow ian|lescicine cee. aacms occ coRe Cees rR 12 Goldsboro, Wayne Co........-.. Adams, Prof. E. W ..--- 35 20 77 51 102, TR 12 Warrenton, Warren Co........-. HOOtE: SEGA es ee seein a 36 15 1815. ieeeee TR 12 Asheville, Buncombe Co.....-.. Hardy, J. F. E., M.D-..| 35 30 82 31 2,250| BT 12 Oxford, Granville Co.-......-... hicks) Wak., MDs 2 36 23 7814, 90" Bier PR 1k
METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AND OBSERVERS.
List of meteorological stations and observers, §c., for the year 1870—Continued.
Station.
Name of observer.
Nortu CAroLina—Cont’d.
Attaway Hill, Stanly Co Near Raleigh, Wake Co Chapel Hill, Orange Co Kenansyille, Duplin Co
OHIO.
Bellefontaine, Logan Co.. New Lisbon, Columbiana Co...-
Quaker Ridge, Morgan Co North Fairtield, Huron Co Bowling Green, Wood Co Gambier, Knox Co Bethel, Clermont Co Steubenville, Jefferson Co Little Mountain, Geauga Co College Hill, Hamilton “Co Cincinnati, Hamilton Co Westerville, Franklin Co
Springfield, Clark Co Oberlin, Loraine Co Wooster, Wayne Co Kelley’s Tsland, Erie Co Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co Edgerton, Williams Co Oxiord, Butler Co
Ripley, Huron Co Hillsboro, Highland Co Carthagena, Mercer Co North Bass Island, Ottawa Co- Gilmore, Tuscar: awas Co Mar earetta Township, Erie Co-. Jacksonburg, Butler Co Cincinnati, Hamilton Co Salem, Columbiana Co Gallipolis, Gallia Cd Kenton, Hardin Co Adams Mills, Muskingum Co... Milnersville, Guernsey Co New Birmingham, Guernsey Co. Toledo, Lucas Co Mount Auburn, Hamilton Co--.- Williamsport, Pickaway Co.-.-.- Urbana, Champaign Co Wooster, Wayne Co
OREGON. Portland, Multnomah Co
Eola, Polk Co Astoria, Clatsop Co
PENNSYLVANIA.
Pittsburg, Alleghany Co Diocam tor Coe ses) 44-2 525. Carlisle, Cumberland Co ........ Plymouth Meeting, Montgomery
‘Astuavtal Schuylkill Co Pocopson, Chester Co Dyberryy Wayne) Co). 25. .4-- 2 Harrisburg, Dauphin Co .:...-.- Near Pennsville, Clearfield Co .
Blooming Grove, Pike Co Fallsington, Bucks Co ....--.--- Tamaqua, Schuylkill Co Hazleton, Luzerne Co... Mount Joy, Lancaster Co Ashland, Schuylkill Co -........ Brownsville, Fayette Co Lewisburg, Union Co
Kron, F. J Murdock, WW. Patrick, Prof. D.S Sprunt, Rev. J. M
Barringer, W Benner, J. F., and W. R. Smiley. Bingman, T. J Burras, O Clarke. J Comptva, F., and others Crane, G. W Doyle, Joseph B Ferriss, E. J Hammitt, John W Harper, G. W Haywood, Prof. J...---- Hachenberg, G. P., M. D. Herrick, L- Hoover, W Huntingdon, G.Cc Knight, A. B McFarland, Prof. R. W-- Marsh, Mrs. M. M Mathews, J. McD Muller, Dr. R Morton, George R., Moore, 8S. M iNew Thomas soessece Owsley, J. B., M.D Phillips, R. C Pollock, Rev. J. E Rodgers, Alexander P -. Smith, C. H., M. D Stillwell, C. A Thompson, Rev. D Thompson, Rev. D Trembley, J. B., M.D-.. White, J. H Wilkinson, ie Williams, Prof. M.G.... Winger, M
Gilliland, S. W., & J. S. Ried.
Pierce, Thomas ...-:----
iWalson, Wuouis:=--5-5----
Bentley, EH. ‘T..--- yosere Cook, Dr. W. EL Corson, M. H
Curtis, A Darlington, F Day, Theodore Egle, Dr. W. 1 MEentON Hosceccemee ace -| Grathwohl, John Hance, E Haworth, J Haworth, J Hoffer, J. R., Honeyman, Rev. W. E-.- Hubbs, J. Allen
James, Prof. C.5
West longi- tude.
a] —) -) 3 + 3 eT
Instruments.
Wins
lela bene leleleaie/etei neh ©
loo}
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HR bd ed ed
ins] aiid ala")
=~] —
No. months received.
|
Ort to
— WAMWADPIW DW
et Sw
A
72
METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AND OBSERVERS.
List of meteorological stations and observers, §¢., for the year 1870—Continued.
Station.
PENNSYLYANIA—Cont’d.
Whitehall, Lehigh Co Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co. -- Newcastle, Lawrence Co Westchester, Chester Co.....-.-. Germantown, Philadelphia Co .- Williamsport, Lycoming Co Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co-.. Johnstown, Cambria Co Reading, Berks Co Greencastle, Franklin Co.---.--- Abington, Luzerne Co Cannonsburg, Washington Co. -- Mooreland, Montgomery Co Ephrata, Lancaster Co Salem Wayne! Corss-2- 5. sae: Connellsville, Fayette Co Beaver, Beaver Co Franklin, Venango Co Germantown, Philadelphia Co... Fountain Dale, Adams Co
RHODE ISLAND.
Newport, Newport Co........-.- Newport, Newport Co
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Aiken, Barnwell Co..-....--.-.--- Evergreen, Anderson Co Bluffton, Beaufort Co Gowdeysville, Union Co Fort Hill, York Co
TENNESSEE.
Lookout Mountain Educational Institute, Hamilton Co. Austin, Wilson Co Greeneville, Greene Co.-.-.--.-... Lagrange, Fayette Co Memphis, Shelby Co Trenton, Gibson Co Elizabethtown, Carter Co Knoxville, Knox Co Clarksville, Montgomery Co .--. MeMinnvyille, Warren Co
TEXAS.
Houston, Harris Co Palestine, Anderson Co Bremond, Robertson Co Bluff P. O., Fayette Co Near Gilmer, Upshur Co Blue Branch, Burleson Co....... Lavaca, Calhoun Co San Antonio, Bexar Co Oakland, Texas Co Amstin: rawis Oo 2. ok seeeee eee Blue Branch, Burleson Co..-...-- Sand Fly, Burleson Co Clinton, De Witt Co.......-.---- Lockhart, Caldwell Co .,....-...
UTAH.
Coalville, Summit Co -.........- St. George, Washington Co..... Harrisburg, Washington Co .._.. Salt Lake City, Salt Lake Co....
ag +4 s |2 | | | a ey
oO s e Name of observer. | aS | a a | 2 a3 pe) 2p ae | 3 2 S <2 o Oy Se A a | ala”
Oo / “uy ie) / uw Feet. | Kohler, Hoof 586 cie. <i 40 44 75 28 450 |i WER i 10 Kirkpatrick, J. A...-..- 39 57 7 11 60 |BPTR 12 McConnell, KE. M........ “40 SOM 2 Cew ihaeeeee OR 12 Martin, Dr. George ..... 39 57 31 HorsGmes 460 |BPTR) 11 Meehan ureter eee dalle ece ciate tate a ae Ae seems aleve “iy 12 NOV CLE, Ol peerrn scece 41 19 81 30 533 aes 2 Naval Hospital .......-. 39 56 75 10 | 36/BrR| 12 ‘PecloniD eee eerie ce ae eln a et ateasialn ce oetstaettals 1,200 BPTR 12 Raserd. ey] -- 4... AO Oe Ot ee alee ae TR 12 Rhode; SsWiese-22e se - = | 39 45 1 77% 30 650 | TR 3 Sisson Riese ssoees sees 41 30 10452 9 see TR 12 Smith) DriwWim-ee---- 40 16 41 80 10 850 | BTR | 12 Spencer, Miss Anna ....| 40 75 11 250 |BP TRI 12 Spera Werks se. ieee ine 40 12 MOcdO! > eee fe) Bes We ee SHOCKeryd sO tease estes 41 30 WOOO Abeeees IAS 12 Taylor, Johns sesa— 2 40 Testy Sees TR 12 Taylor Rev. Re Tes ees! 40 43 Ue We lase sas TR 12 Tolman, Rev. M. Ai ..-.- 41 24 79 5t 980; TR 12 Tarn ership ee ees saci sleepin ete | cee Oe eos cee eens Bet Ry | a2 Walker Gi @e see caensae 39 44 fi fae = an pee | Sees Pa | 12 BarberewerAwe ssc. soe sc 41 28 22 71 21 14 25) TR 7 Crandell, Wm. H.....-.. 41 28 22 T1 21 14 23.) LR 5 Cornish, Rev. J. H...--- 33 32 81 34 369 | BYR |, 12 Mamie ARS ee eae 34 30 FPS Oli fi ualaale IOGR 4 Guerard, S. St. J.,. M. D.| 32 10 oH ME Te Ta i PEE a TR 12 Petty,|Chas += 2.2/2 5.25.0. 34 50 81 36 600 | TR 12 Springs, BR. A.jjr-----.-. 35 Sti dlesacne ay 4 Bancroft, Rev. C.F. P...| 35 81 5 2,200; BT | 12 ' Calhoun, (PMB iercc si cns |eneeercrcmre eemeeree ee eestor TR 10 Doak, S.S. & W.S------ 36m *82 51 eee Av IN, 6 rankliny Wie JH. 32225. 30. 6.30 89 15 25 462! TR 6 Goldsmith We ane ce cee Shy 90 2520) Beery tas Gmesbiys Wane aes 36 Orn) Tru eecorses jr SARS 10 Wewas bless see cece cae 36 25 82 15 1500) | Sean ae Paynes Prot. di ekereee ee 36 84 990 |BP TR 9 Stewart, Prof. W ..--.-.- 36 29 &7 13 481 |IBPTR 12 Wright, SP =n: --62-2e! 35 42 85 57 1, 000 g | Anderson, Rev. J.....-. Sao | [iis see eee ee Reser ee ah 7 Baxter) Miss Bo. 22.22... 29 50 95 30 5) of 6 BLOOMS NES === =e 31 40 95 35 480 ‘BAR 8 CombsRBeeex. =. 26. 21k ce ereeiees oe ee Sec ene see nent R 5 MieisamM, isons eee tee 30 97 180.) “ER ae Glascondin Meo. oe) whey ot 32 46 94 SL 9500 AER 12 Goodey Wi. Hy fe sa kees 30 27 97 26 600 TR 6 Heaton wy a kee- eee: 28 30 96 40 ie ey 8 Petbersems Es ceeemiaciese 29 28 | 98 24 064) eae 5 NIM PSU) Phe seen ree 29 65 Cie ae, liaanene TR ik Van Nostrand, J........ 30 29 97 46 1-650 | eekere 12 Wade ues este uaae 30 25 97 26 ; 600| TR 9 Wiad SMa Se sau coosel ae oaascas etic een ameen Ie eee Avast i Wihites Ot. A: (Ce Sosa. 2 29 OF 37 Pear TR 12 Ta vevah Grit el Dp pen eserenrs neared (ey et ee Se | ee eee cles POR: 7 | | |
Isles Waaeaeeeesaaeos 40 M14 5,600} T 9 Tohnspny Ce. cs-:ecele 37 11 FE Mae [Sc i 3 ewiS;MamMes. ec ase ons |enewee scene | Stok oceem ae eee u 7 PhelpSMWrw ice anon ace 40 45 TE 260) eee Aw 10
METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AND OBSERVERS.
=] oo
List of meteorological stations and observers, §c., for the year 1870—Continued.
Station.
Name of observer.
VERMONT.
Panton; Addison Co-..222------- Newport, Orleans Co-...-.-.-.------ Lunenburg, Essex Co Woodstock, Windsor Co South Troy, Orleans Co.....-..- Randolph, Orange Co Middlebury, Addison Co.....-.-- Craftsbury, Orleans Co. .-...-..--- Castleton, Rutland Co Charlotte, Chittenden Co
VIRGINIA.
Mulberry Hill, Isle of Wight Co. Vienna, Fairfax Co Wytheville, Wythe Co.....----- Lexington, Rockbridge Co..--.-- Staunton, Augusta Co Mt. Vernon Township, Fairfax Co Cottage Home, Surry Co......-. Mechanicsville, Fauquier Co. --. Near Lynchburg, Bedford Co - -- Near Johnsontown, Northamp- ton Co. Norfolk, Norfolk Co Near Markham Station, Fau- quier Co.
Near Lexington, Rockbridge Co. Hampton, Elizabeth City Co.-.- Snowville, Pulaski Co.-.-...-.--- Powhatan Hill, King George Co. Near Fairfax C. H., Fairtax Co. Near Piedmont, Fauquier Co. --. Vienna, Fairfax Co
WASHINGTON TERRITORY.
Cathlamet, Waukiakum Co..--.
Tatoosh Island Light-House, Clallam Co.
Walla-Walla, Walla-Walla Co...
Lake Washington, King Co..-.-.
WEST VIRGINIA. Romney, Hampshire Co..-..--.--
Weston, Lewis Co Ashland, Cabell Co
WISCONSIN.
Embarrass, Waupaca Co Rocky Run, Columbia Co Madison, Dane Co Holland, Sheboygan Co New Lisbon, Juneau Co......:.- Appleton, Outagamie Co...-.--- Milwaukee, Milwaukee Co...-.. Manitowoc, Manitowoe Co..-... Waupaca, Waupaca Co..-..---- Plymouth, Sheboygan Co Mosinee, Marathon Co..---..--- Tunnel City, Monroe Co Edgerton, Rock Co Wautoma, Waushara Co..-....-- Bayfield, Bayfield Co Baraboo, Sauk Co-2222222 82.22: Bloomfield, Wabash Co.......... Sturgeon Bay, Door Co
H. A. Sheldon, Middlebury, Vermont.
Barto, D. C. and M. E .. Currier, J. M Cutting, H. A
Doten, H., & L. A. Miller.
Kennedy, J.C Painer@iSees ss ss -sescee Sheldon, H. A Wild; Rev. E. P...-.- see Williams, Rev. R.G.-.. Wing, Minerva E......-
Binford GRisscocces secs Bowman, J. B.and G. A- Brown, Rev. James A .- Campbell, Prof. J. L Covell, J.C Gillingham, C Jones, B. W Martin’ iWiacA see seneael Meriwether, ©. 1.2 2----- Moore; Cy Risk assecesee
Payne, L. E Ruffner, W. 1
Sherman de Mise ee
Stalnaker, J. W., M.D .. Tayloe, EK. T Thrift, Miss L. R Williams, F Williams, H. C
MieCalli Coa asesee ss =: Sampson, Alex. M
Simmons, A. H
Whitworth, Mr. and Mrs.
J. E.
McDowell, W. Owen, Benjamin Roffe, C. L
Breed, E. E CurtiseWiiWil cece ee Daniells, Prof. W. W. -- De Lyser, John Dungan, J. L Hove erote dis Gaseee ae) Lapham, I. A., LL. D-.-- Liips, Jacob Mead, H. C MoellerwiGisn! ster Aenean O’Donoghoe, J ...----- : Peoler, Rev. G......---- Shintz, H. J Spaulding, J Tate, Andrew iVWiattey MAC eas Ss ciensee Whiting, W. H Wiriehtyis Mie tee essence.
urs ag Se as o Ai E fo} Tt ut fo} i ut 44 74 44 55 72 20 44 28 71 41 43 36 72 35 ‘AR BHO hs 73.56 le 43 59 73 10 44 40 72 30 36 50 76 50 38 53 39 ite 36 55 81 4 TaBICain al | 7346 38 40 We Do 37 10 76 46 38 50 78 37 18 79 19 37 22 75 46 36 25 76 25 39 78 ae 719 22 ayt ot) 76 20 37 80 i Tense van Wiper anne 38 5f 78 38 53 17% 12 46 15 123 30 46 5 118 52 fo i Bros | MAG teins 5 0 fe pe [SOP wen k ses neonate 38 30 82 16 44 51 88 37 30 43 26 89 19 43 5 89 24 43 36 87 54 43 45 90 44 10 88 35 ASS 87 56 10 44 7 87 45 44 20 89 11 43 44 88° % 45 89 30 43 45 9L 40 42 30 89 44 89 20 ‘4nay 1 (89 45) dn Reet wis ca | 87 SONNana
DEATHS OF OBSERVERS.
= G. Moeller, Plymouth, Wisconsin, March 14, 1870.
Instruments.
No. months
received.
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METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS AND OBSERVERS.
COLLEGES AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS FROM WHICH METEOROLOGICAL ' REGISTERS WERE RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR 1870, INCLUDED IN THE PRECEDING LIST.
State.
NOVO SCObase cee eee ieee Alabama @ahiforniat-e--o02.-.-282 5255 Connecticut (CURR Seo chon sqnonenend ser Tilinois
Witt binGlo. So asesosoeenceses
Massachusetts:-<co-c..cenese
Michigan
Mississippi MV SSOUPIMB ANE tet siemes lee oe
; Institution. Location. Acadia College se atesa--cerer i encesseteer aes eeeeee Wolfville. Greene mprine si sChow lees eeeee eee. c eee eee Here Havana. Pacific Methodist College. ~~ - 2. -...-- =e Vacaville. vWesleyaniiUmiversity = Nor jan cme tana .iisisnc= sleet Middletown. MercerfUmiversityi sno: seceemerese=s- ore ececeees Penfield. Lombard University. ---------.---.-----...--...-- Galesburg. Northwestern (Umiversitivia:s-ssese iat eee soccer Evanston. City eHospitalle career ere eer eee eee nee eases Indianapolis. CormnelltCollece ct sere ected jocectiec ns nels ee ee ae Mount Vernon. VowanstatevU ni Verelbys cm ee meee ements ar awe Towa City. Aoricultural|\ College 28 sess -tteeeee pe none ee eee Manhattan. StatedUmiversityass- seater teste eee cece ea eeee Lawrence. Mount St: Mary's College:----- <2. 25... 2-2. eenne Emumittsburg. NWioodstocla@ollece ee eetercst seine eer =a eeoeeae 3altimore County. WAMMOrsbiC Ole rec se vec os scence oc se see eehesee sees Amherst. State Lunatic Hospital 22-825 - ae cose aeeescossesee Worcester. Woalhams Colleveme es" - thas cetera cee hene anne Williamstown. Weoricnitaral: College S2- snes cece eerie aeeie sme Lansing, Olivet College 5 Ae acne ee ceca wclseeenes «ee ave cee Olivet. Mississippl College: 222s eesjaccec tens seins ones Clinton. eit SMEG) Whin cad sHin an Goon eseto Oo oSenodeaouesar St. Louis. Sti PaulisiSchoolljoa:22| -feesene eee tench eees Concord. GolumbiaiColleve:s-cs 22 =. Sea sate eens eee New York. rasmus talleAcadeniyiee secs cs eseces eee Flatbush. Oneida Conference Seminary.........--.-------.-- Cazenovia. iRuteeErs)!Hemale Colerer ees) cesmae eee eee New York. Viassari@ollere 5555-5 ea ae are eon cee eRe eee Poughkeepsie. Wiebster Institue .- eee eee sae ee ne sense Kenansville. SUA) Ob AEN eeee sas Goons acoanesooCenemasadacc Chapel Hill. Kenyon Collegessssnc-—-ee-ee ese ereaete ae near Gambier. Miami wUniversity <0 -tss es se2 sete aailee eens Oxford, Mount Auburn Young Ladies’ Institute ---..----- Mount Auburn. OtterbeinyWWmiversity sess: ce ae eee eee eee Westerville. Mheologicall Seminary coos eee eee eee aera Carthagena. Urbanavliniversity so acse en eee eee